What are the signs of ovarian cancer, and how do I look out for them?

Ovarian cancer can be challenging to detect in its early stages, as symptoms are often subtle or similar to those of other, less serious conditions. However, knowing the signs can help you seek timely medical advice.

What are the early signs of ovarian cancer?

Early symptoms of ovarian cancer may include:

• Abdominal bloating or swelling: Persistent bloating or a feeling of fullness in the abdomen can be a key symptom.
• Pelvic or abdominal pain: Pain that is constant or recurring in the pelvic or lower abdominal area should be investigated.
• Changes in eating habits: A noticeable decrease in appetite or feeling full quickly after eating.
• Urinary changes: Increased urgency to urinate, or more frequent urination, without an obvious cause such as a urinary tract infection.
• Unexplained fatigue: Constant tiredness that doesn’t improve with rest.
• Digestive issues: Symptoms like indigestion, gas or constipation that don’t seem to resolve with usual treatments.

These symptoms may be mistaken for common digestive or bladder issues, but if they are persistent (lasting more than two weeks) or progressively worsening, it’s worth consulting a healthcare provider.

How can I monitor for these signs?

1. Track symptom frequency: Noting how often you experience symptoms can help you determine if they are persistent or worsening over time. A journal or health app can make this easier.
2. Listen to your body: Pay attention to any changes in your normal patterns, especially concerning eating habits, digestion, or menstrual cycle changes.
3. Don’t ignore mild symptoms: Even mild symptoms, when persistent, warrant further attention. Women are often more likely to dismiss these signs as common abdominal or menstrual issues, but staying vigilant can make a difference.
4. Regular check-ups and screenings: If you have a family history of ovarian or breast cancer, discuss regular screenings with your GP. Genetic factors (such as BRCA mutations) can increase the risk of ovarian cancer, and proactive testing may be beneficial.

What should I do if I suspect I have symptoms of ovarian cancer?

If you notice any of these symptoms persisting or worsening, it’s essential to consult your GP. They may perform an initial assessment, which could include:

• Physical examination: A pelvic exam can help detect abnormalities.
• Blood tests: The CA-125 blood test is commonly used for detecting certain proteins associated with ovarian cancer.
• Ultrasound or other imaging: A transvaginal ultrasound or CT scan may help identify abnormal growths in the ovaries.

Can ovarian cancer be prevented?

While there is no sure way to prevent ovarian cancer, certain measures can reduce risk:

• Family planning and hormonal factors: Women who have had pregnancies or have used certain contraceptives may have a slightly reduced risk.
• Surgical options for high-risk individuals: For those with a high genetic risk, preventive surgery (such as the removal of ovaries and fallopian tubes) may be discussed with a specialist.
• Regular monitoring: For those with a family history or genetic predisposition, regular monitoring and early detection strategies can help reduce the chance of advanced cancer development.

Ovarian cancer is more treatable when caught early, so being aware of the signs and not delaying medical attention is crucial. While ovarian cancer symptoms are often vague, understanding the potential signs and seeking timely consultation can make a significant impact.