Abnormal liver function: Causes, symptoms, and management

The liver is a vital organ responsible for filtering toxins, producing bile for digestion, and regulating metabolism. When liver function becomes abnormal, it can indicate underlying health conditions ranging from mild inflammation to severe liver disease. Detecting and addressing abnormal liver function early is essential to prevent complications.

Abnormal liver function can result from various causes, including viral infections such as hepatitis, excessive alcohol consumption, fatty liver disease, autoimmune disorders, and medication-induced liver damage. Other contributing factors include obesity, diabetes, and genetic liver conditions.

Liver function tests (LFTs) are commonly used to assess liver health by measuring enzymes and proteins in the blood. Elevated levels of enzymes like ALT, AST, ALP, and bilirubin may indicate liver damage or dysfunction.

Symptoms of abnormal liver function may vary depending on the underlying cause but can include fatigue, jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), nausea, dark urine, pale stools, abdominal pain, and swelling in the legs or abdomen. In many cases, early liver dysfunction may not present noticeable symptoms, making routine health check-ups crucial for early detection.

Management of abnormal liver function depends on the cause and severity of the condition. Lifestyle modifications such as maintaining a healthy diet, limiting alcohol intake, and managing weight can significantly improve liver health. In cases of viral hepatitis or autoimmune liver diseases, medical treatments, including antiviral or immunosuppressive medications, may be necessary.

If left untreated, chronic liver dysfunction can progress to serious conditions such as cirrhosis or liver failure. Seeking medical advice promptly and adopting a liver-friendly lifestyle can help prevent complications and support overall liver health.