All about abdominal pain in children

Abdominal pain in children is a common complaint and can range from mild discomfort to severe pain, with various potential causes. Understanding the underlying reasons and recognising when medical attention is necessary can help ensure that children receive timely and appropriate care. Leading consultant paediatrician Dr Abraham Neduvamkunnil provides a detailed insight into this important topic.

Common causes of abdominal pain in children

Children often experience abdominal pain for a variety of reasons, including:

• Gastroenteritis: Also known as a stomach bug, this is one of the most common causes of abdominal pain in children. It is usually accompanied by diarrhoea, vomiting, and sometimes fever.
• Constipation: A lack of regular bowel movements can lead to discomfort or cramping. Children may experience bloating and strain when trying to pass stools.
• Indigestion: Eating too much or consuming foods that are too spicy or rich can result in temporary abdominal discomfort.
• Appendicitis: This condition, characterised by pain that starts near the belly button and shifts to the lower right side of the abdomen, is a medical emergency and requires immediate treatment.
• Food allergies or intolerances: Some children may have sensitivities to certain foods, such as dairy or gluten, which can lead to abdominal pain after eating.
• Stress or anxiety: Emotional distress can manifest as physical symptoms in children, including stomach aches.

When should you seek medical attention?

While abdominal pain in children is often harmless and resolves on its own, there are situations where medical attention should be sought:

• Severe or persistent pain: If the pain lasts more than a few hours or is very intense, it’s important to consult a doctor.
• Accompanied by other symptoms: If the abdominal pain is associated with fever, vomiting, blood in the stool, or difficulty passing urine, this could indicate a more serious underlying issue.
• Inability to pass gas or stool: If the child is unable to have a bowel movement or pass gas, it may be a sign of a bowel obstruction or other serious condition.
• Weight loss: Unexplained weight loss along with abdominal pain should be evaluated by a healthcare professional.

Diagnosing abdominal pain

To diagnose the cause of abdominal pain, the doctor will typically start with a detailed history of the child’s symptoms and a physical examination. Depending on the findings, additional tests may be required, such as:

• Blood tests to check for infections or inflammation
• Ultrasound to visualise organs like the appendix or gallbladder
• X-rays or CT scans to rule out obstructions or other structural issues
• Stool samples to detect infections or parasites

By addressing the underlying cause of the abdominal pain, appropriate treatments can be provided, ensuring the child recovers as quickly as possible.

Concerned about abdominal pain in your child? Arrange a consultation with Dr Neduvamkunnil via his Top Doctors profile.