All about anxiety disorders

Here, renowned consultant psychiatrist, Dr Pravir Sharma, talks to us about anxiety disorders, outlining the most common ones, whilst also explaining how they can be effectively managed. 

What are anxiety disorders?

Anxiety disorders are a group of mental health conditions characterized by excessive and persistent worry, fear, or anxiety that interferes with daily life. While everyone experiences anxiety from time to time, particularly in response to stress, anxiety disorders involve anxiety that is often disproportionate to the situation and difficult to control.

These disorders are among the most common mental health conditions worldwide, affecting people of all ages and backgrounds. The symptoms can vary depending on the type of anxiety disorder but often include physical signs such as increased heart rate, sweating, trembling, dizziness, and gastrointestinal issues, alongside psychological symptoms like excessive worry, restlessness, and difficulty concentrating.

What are the different types of anxiety disorders?

There are several types of anxiety disorders, each with unique features. Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD) involves chronic anxiety and worry about a variety of everyday situations, often without a clear cause. People with GAD often feel on edge, fatigued, and have trouble sleeping.

Panic disorder is characterised by sudden episodes of intense fear, known as panic attacks, which may include symptoms like chest pain, heart palpitations, shortness of breath, and a fear of losing control. These attacks can be terrifying and may lead individuals to avoid situations where they fear an attack might occur.

Social Anxiety Disorder, also known as social phobia, involves a fear of being judged or negatively evaluated in social or performance situations. This can lead to avoidance of social interactions, which can significantly impact a person’s personal and professional life. Specific phobias are intense, irrational fears of specific objects or situations, such as heights, spiders, or flying, which lead to avoidance behaviours that can disrupt daily activities.

How are anxiety disorders treated?

Treatment for anxiety disorders often includes a combination of therapy and medication. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is particularly effective, as it helps individuals identify and change negative thought patterns and behaviours that contribute to anxiety. Medications such as antidepressants or anti-anxiety drugs may also be prescribed to manage symptoms.

Additionally, lifestyle changes, including regular exercise, adequate sleep, mindfulness practices, and stress management techniques, can help alleviate symptoms. Support from friends, family, and mental health professionals is crucial for managing anxiety disorders. With the right treatment and support, individuals with anxiety disorders can learn to manage their symptoms and lead fulfilling lives.