An overview of common health issues that affect Indian and South Asian patients

In this article below, revered consultant bariatric surgeon, Mrs Kalpana Devalia, provides us with an overview of health issues that tend to affect South Asian and Indian people more than others.

What are the most common health issues that affect Indian and South Asian people?

When it comes to Indian and South Asian patients, several common health issues tend to be prevalent. The most frequently encountered problems include cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and hypertension. Additionally, there is a notable prevalence of certain types of cancer, such as oral and breast cancer, and metabolic syndromes. Obesity, particularly abdominal obesity, is also a common issue, which can exacerbate other health conditions.

Why are Indian and South Asian at more of a risk?

The prevalence of these health issues is influenced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Genetically, South Asians have a higher predisposition to insulin resistance, leading to a higher risk of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome.

The genetic makeup can also influence the lipid profile, making individuals more prone to cardiovascular diseases. However, environmental factors play a crucial role as well. Diet, lifestyle, and socio-economic conditions significantly impact health.

Traditional South Asian diets, rich in carbohydrates and saturated fats, combined with a sedentary lifestyle, contribute to the rising incidence of these health problems. Furthermore, cultural factors and stress associated with urbanization and modernisation also play a part.

In terms of gender distribution, there is a roughly equal number of men and women among the Indian and South Asian patients who seek medical care. However, the nature of health issues may vary slightly between genders. Women, for instance, might be more susceptible to conditions like osteoporosis and certain cancers, whereas men might present with higher incidences of cardiovascular diseases at an earlier age.

The most common treatments administered to individuals of this background often revolve around managing chronic conditions like diabetes and hypertension. Lifestyle modification, including dietary changes and increased physical activity, is a cornerstone of treatment.

Medications to control blood sugar, blood pressure, and cholesterol levels are frequently prescribed. Additionally, preventive measures and regular screenings for early detection of cancer are crucial components of the healthcare regimen.

Preventive measures can indeed mitigate many of these health issues. Adopting a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins while reducing the intake of refined sugars and saturated fats can significantly lower the risk of developing chronic diseases.

Regular physical activity, stress management, and avoiding tobacco and excessive alcohol consumption are also vital. While genetic predispositions cannot be changed, these lifestyle modifications can greatly reduce the overall risk and improve health outcomes.