Cataracts: most frequent questions
Autore:In this article, a leading ophthalmologist answers all the frequently asked questions about cataracts.
What are cataracts?
The eyes each have a transparent membrane, called the lens, that focuses and adjusts the light that enters the eye for the retina, which is then converted into electrical signals for the brain to process in sight at different depths.
A cataract is when that lens becomes cloudy, resulting in blurred, distorted, and degraded vision.
How common are cataracts?
Cataracts are a very common condition, especially in people over 60. Over 20 million people around the world struggle with cataracts. They normally affect both eyes, but it is possible to have it develop in only one. People with diabetes or obesity are susceptible to forming cataracts, regardless of age.
How does a cataract develop?
The lens is made of water and proteins in a specific arrangement to allow the light to pass through without obstruction. However, over time, the proteins lose structure and crowd together, making the lens more translucent than transparent, which is how they become cloudy.
What are the symptoms of cataracts?
Some common signs and symptoms of a cataract include:
- Blurry or cloudy vision
- Glare from sunlight, lightbulbs, headlights
- Seeing halos around lights
- Poor night vision
- Colours appearing less vibrant
- Double vision
Are cataracts painful?
There is no physical sensation associated with cataracts. They develop slowly over the years, and patients will notice their vision worsening, but there should be no pain at all, unless in extreme cases of severe cataracts or other comorbid eye conditions. If you are experiencing vision loss with pain, contact an ophthalmologist near you.
Do all cataracts develop as a result of ageing?
The majority of cataract cases are due to ageing, but there are some exceptions:
- Congenital cataracts, which are present from birth.
- Secondary cataracts, which can result from complications following eye surgery, or other conditions that will affect the eyes like glaucoma or diabetes.
- Traumatic cataracts, which can develop from injuries to the eyes.
How is a cataract diagnosed?
A cataract can be diagnosed with a comprehensive eye examination. An eye specialist will likely examine the visual acuity, the refraction of the eye, the lens, and the retina.
How are cataracts treated?
For mild symptoms of cataracts, patients can use tools like specialised eyewear, including anti-glare sunglasses, glasses with magnification lenses, or a stronger optical prescription.
However, more severe cases of cataracts – such as no longer being able to complete daily or work tasks, or being able to drive safely – can only be treated with a surgical procedure.
How does cataract surgery work?
Cataract surgery is a standard, safe procedure, with over 90% of patients reporting an improvement in vision.
In the surgery, the natural lens is removed or destroyed via a small incision on the cornea of the eye, and is replaced with a synthetic one, made from acrylic, plastic, or silicone. Other refractory issues, such as long-sightedness, can also be corrected in the same procedure. A synthetic lens is not able to develop cataracts, so surgery is considered a cure, though there is a possibility of related eye conditions or complications as a result of the surgery.
Afterwards, the vision will start to improve within the first few days, with crisper visuals and brighter colours.
Patients may need to wear a protective eye shield or patch during the healing process. The eye may feel a bit itchy, but it is important that patients do not rub or push on the eye. Patients will be prescribed special eye drops to be administered daily for several weeks, to help keep the eye clean and reduce swelling. Patients can bathe as normal, but should not submerge their heads or swim, and should take care when cleaning their face for a few weeks.
If you are struggling with cataracts, or have more questions about the condition, you can consult with a specialist on Top Doctors.
