Chronic kidney disease (CKD): Everything you need to know
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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a long-term condition where the kidneys gradually lose function over time. The kidneys play a crucial role in filtering waste and excess fluids from the blood, so when they are damaged, this can lead to serious health complications. Early detection and management are essential in slowing its progression.
What causes chronic kidney disease?
CKD can develop due to various underlying conditions, including:
- Diabetes: High blood sugar can damage the tiny blood vessels in the kidneys.
- High blood pressure: Increased pressure in the blood vessels can strain the kidneys.
- Glomerulonephritis: Inflammation of the kidney’s filtering units.
- Polycystic kidney disease: A genetic disorder that causes cysts to form in the kidneys.
- Long-term use of certain medications: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and other drugs can affect kidney function.
What are the symptoms of CKD?
CKD may not cause noticeable symptoms in its early stages. As it progresses, patients may experience:
- Fatigue and weakness.
- Swelling in the ankles, feet, or hands due to fluid retention.
- Shortness of breath.
- Changes in urination, such as foamy urine or increased frequency.
- High blood pressure that is difficult to control.
How is CKD diagnosed?
CKD is usually detected through:
- Blood tests: Measure kidney function using the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).
- Urine tests: Check for protein or blood in the urine, which can indicate kidney damage.
- Imaging scans: Ultrasound or CT scans assess kidney size and structure.
How can CKD be managed?
Although CKD cannot always be reversed, its progression can be slowed with appropriate management:
Lifestyle and dietary changes
- Reduce salt intake to help control blood pressure.
- Follow a balanced diet low in processed foods and rich in fruits and vegetables.
- Stay hydrated but avoid excessive fluid intake if advised by a doctor.
- Quit smoking and limit alcohol consumption.
Medical treatments
- Medications to control blood pressure and blood sugar levels.
- Statins to reduce cholesterol levels and protect kidney function.
- Treatment of underlying conditions such as diabetes and heart disease.
Dialysis and kidney transplant
- If kidney function declines significantly, dialysis may be required to filter waste from the blood.
- A kidney transplant may be an option for some patients with end-stage kidney disease.
Can CKD be prevented?
While some causes of CKD cannot be prevented, individuals can reduce their risk by:
- Maintaining healthy blood pressure and blood sugar levels.
- Staying active and following a balanced diet.
- Having regular kidney function tests, especially if at risk.
Chronic kidney disease is a progressive condition that requires careful management to prevent complications. Early detection, lifestyle modifications, and medical treatment can help slow the disease and improve quality of life. If you are at risk, regular check-ups with a doctor are essential for monitoring kidney health.
