Considering knee replacement surgery? Here’s what to know

Knee replacement surgery, also known as knee arthroplasty, is a procedure designed to relieve pain and restore function in patients with severely damaged knee joints. For many, this surgery offers the chance to regain mobility, improve quality of life, and return to daily activities with ease. If you’re considering this option, you may have questions about the procedure, recovery, and potential risks. A leading knee specialist explores the essentials to help you make an informed decision.

What is knee replacement surgery?

Knee replacement surgery involves removing damaged parts of the knee joint and replacing them with artificial components made of metal, plastic, or ceramic. The knee joint is a hinge-like structure where the thigh bone (femur) meets the shin bone (tibia). Over time, injury, arthritis, or wear and tear can damage the cartilage, causing pain and stiffness. In knee replacement surgery, the damaged cartilage and bone are removed, and a prosthetic joint is inserted to replicate the knee’s normal function.

When should you consider knee replacement?

Patients typically consider knee replacement when non-surgical treatments, such as physiotherapy, medications, and lifestyle changes, no longer relieve pain or improve mobility. Osteoarthritis, a common type of arthritis due to ageing and joint wear, is one of the primary reasons people seek knee replacement. You might also consider this surgery if rheumatoid arthritis (a chronic autoimmune condition) or post-traumatic arthritis (arthritis following an injury) has significantly damaged your knee joint, affecting your ability to walk, climb stairs, or participate in activities you enjoy.

What does the procedure involve?

Knee replacement surgery generally takes about one to two hours. During the procedure, the surgeon makes an incision over the knee to access the joint. Damaged bone and cartilage are carefully removed, and the artificial joint components are then fitted into place. The prosthetic joint is designed to move similarly to a natural knee. After the procedure, patients typically remain in the hospital for a few days to manage pain and begin physical therapy, which is crucial for recovery.

How long does recovery take?

Recovery time after knee replacement varies by patient but generally takes about three to six months for most people. In the initial weeks, physical therapy focuses on increasing range of motion, building strength, and reducing swelling. Activities like walking and light exercises are encouraged to help restore knee function. Most patients can return to light activities after six weeks, while more strenuous activities, such as running or high-impact sports, may require additional time or might be discouraged to extend the life of the prosthetic joint.

What are the risks and complications?

While knee replacement surgery has high success rates, potential risks include infection, blood clots, and implant wear over time. Some patients may experience knee stiffness or require a revision surgery if the implant loosens. Discussing these risks with your surgeon is essential to understand how they may impact your recovery and long-term function.

Is knee replacement right for you?

Knee replacement can provide lasting pain relief and mobility, but it may not be suitable for everyone. Factors such as age, overall health, activity level, and severity of joint damage play an important role in determining if surgery is the best option. If you’re uncertain, consulting with an orthopaedic specialist and exploring all non-surgical options may help you feel confident in your decision.

Knee replacement surgery can offer profound benefits, especially when combined with rehabilitation and lifestyle adjustments tailored to your needs.