Decoding Your Cycle: When to Worry About Abnormal Uterine Bleeding | Top Doctors

Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) can be a concerning issue for many women. While menstrual cycles naturally vary, there are specific signs that may indicate something more serious is occurring. Miss Iman Riad, leading consultant gynaecologist, tells us all about it in this informative article. 

What is abnormal uterine bleeding?

Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) refers to any bleeding from the uterus that differs from the typical pattern of a menstrual cycle. This could include bleeding between periods, bleeding that is heavier or lighter than usual, or periods that last longer or shorter than normal.

AUB is most commonly related to hormonal changes, but it can also be a sign of underlying health conditions, especially if it occurs outside of the typical reproductive years.

What are the common causes of abnormal uterine bleeding?

There are several potential causes of AUB, including:

• Hormonal imbalances: these are often the most common cause, particularly in younger women who are still establishing regular cycles, or in those nearing the menopause.
   
• Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): PCOS is a common condition that can lead to irregular periods and abnormal bleeding due to hormonal disruptions.
   
• Fibroids or polyps: non-cancerous growths within the uterus can cause heavy or irregular bleeding.
   
• Infections: pelvic infections or sexually transmitted infections (STIs) can cause abnormal bleeding.
   
• Pregnancy complications: early pregnancy issues, such as miscarriage or ectopic pregnancy, can cause unexpected bleeding.
   
• Cancer: in rare cases, AUB can be a symptom of uterine, cervical, or ovarian cancer, particularly in postmenopausal women.

When should I seek medical attention for abnormal uterine bleeding?

It is important to consult a healthcare provider if you experience any of the following:

• Bleeding between periods.
   
• Very heavy menstrual bleeding that requires you to change your sanitary protection every hour.
   
• Periods lasting longer than seven days.
   
• Bleeding after intercourse.
   
• Bleeding after the menopause.
   
• Severe pain or cramping associated with bleeding.
   

While occasional irregularities can be normal, consistent changes in your cycle should not be ignored. If bleeding disrupts your daily life or you feel concerned, it is best to seek medical advice.

How is abnormal uterine bleeding diagnosed?

Your doctor will begin with a detailed history of your menstrual cycle and general health. A physical examination may also be conducted. In some cases, further tests might be required, including:
 

• Blood tests: these help identify hormonal imbalances or other underlying conditions.
   
• Ultrasound: this can detect structural issues like fibroids or polyps.
   
• Endometrial biopsy: a sample of the uterine lining may be taken to rule out cancer or other abnormalities.
   
• Hysteroscopy: a thin camera is used to examine the inside of the uterus.
  
   

What are the treatment options for abnormal uterine bleeding?

Treatment for AUB depends on the underlying cause and may include:
 

• Hormonal therapy: birth control pills, hormonal IUDs, or other medications can help regulate the menstrual cycle.
   
• Surgical intervention: if fibroids, polyps, or other structural issues are causing bleeding, surgery may be recommended.
   
• Endometrial ablation: this procedure involves removing the uterine lining to reduce heavy bleeding.
   
• Lifestyle changes: in some cases, weight loss, exercise, or managing stress can help regulate periods.
  
   

Can abnormal uterine bleeding be prevented?

While some causes of AUB are beyond control, there are steps you can take to maintain a healthy reproductive system:
 

• Maintain a balanced diet and healthy weight.
   
• Exercise regularly.
   
• Manage stress, as it can impact hormonal balance.
   
• Avoid smoking and limit alcohol intake.
   
• Routine gynaecological check-ups are also essential, especially if you have a history of irregular periods or other reproductive health concerns.

Conclusion

Abnormal uterine bleeding can be worrying, but in many cases, it is caused by treatable conditions. If you notice any changes in your menstrual cycle, it’s important to seek medical advice to rule out any serious underlying issues. Regular check-ups with your healthcare provider are key to maintaining a healthy reproductive system and managing any abnormalities in your cycle effectively.

Are you thinking about a diagnosis for abnormal uterine bleeding? Arrange a consultation with Miss Iman Riad via her Top Doctors profile.