Dental erosion: How to prevent tooth structure loss

Dental erosion is a serious oral health concern that can lead to the gradual loss of tooth structure. Understanding its causes, how it differs from other forms of tooth wear, its available treatments, and prevention strategies is essential for maintaining a healthy smile. This article provides an expert insight.

What is dental erosion?

Dental erosion refers to the progressive loss of tooth enamel caused by exposure to acid. Enamel is the hard, outermost layer that protects the teeth. Once it’s worn away, the underlying dentin becomes exposed, leading to sensitivity and structural damage.

The primary causes of dental erosion are acidic foods and beverages, such as carbonated drinks and citrus fruits. Additionally, medical conditions like gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) and eating disorders like bulimia can introduce stomach acid into the mouth, which damages enamel.

Saliva plays a crucial role in neutralising acids and repairing enamel through remineralisation. Dry mouth can exacerbate the erosion process by reducing saliva production. Lifestyle habits, such as overbrushing with abrasive toothpaste, can further contribute.

How is dental erosion different from other forms of tooth wear?

Dental erosion is different from other types of tooth wear, such as decay, attrition, and abrasion. Tooth decay occurs when bacteria in the mouth produces acids that break down enamel. Tooth abrasion is caused by mechanical actions, such as chewing hard objects, while tooth attrition refers to wear caused by tooth-to-tooth contact, often due to bruxism or clenching.

In contrast, dental erosion is caused by direct chemical exposure to non-bacterial acids that dissolve enamel.

As enamel wears away, teeth may become sensitive to hot, cold, and sweet substances. The loss of enamel an also lead to yellowing of the teeth, as the underlying dentin becomes exposed. Over time, the structural integrity of the teeth may weaken, resulting in chips, cracks, or changes in shape. Thinner enamel offers less protection against bacteria, heightening the likelihood of cavities.

What treatment options are available for dental erosion that’s causing tooth structure loss?

The treatment of dental erosion involves a combination of halting its progression and restoring the damaged tooth structure. The specific treatment depends on the severity of the condition and each patient’s dental needs.

For mild cases, fluoride varnishes or gels can help strengthen the remaining enamel and reduce sensitivity, improving remineralisation. In some cases, desensitising agents may also be applied to alleviate discomfort caused by exposed dentin.

For moderate cases, dental bonding is a common option. This minimally invasive procedure involves applying composite resin to the eroded areas to rebuild the tooth’s shape, restoring appearance and function.

For severe cases, when tooth structure loss is significant, more extensive restorative treatments will be required, such as:

• Veneers: Thin porcelain shells that are bonded to the front surfaces of eroded teeth to improve aesthetics and protect the underlying structure.
• Crowns: Made-to-measure prostheses that are placed over damaged natural teeth to provide full coverage, strength, and protection.
• Full mouth rehabilitation: A comprehensive dental treatment plan designed to restore or rebuild all teeth in the upper and lower jaws to address functional and aesthetic concerns.

Alongside restorative treatments, addressing the underlying cause of dental erosion is crucial. Patients with GORD may need to manage their condition with dietary changes or medication to reduce acid exposure. Dentists may also recommend saliva substitutes or stimulants for patients with dry mouth.

Can I prevent dental erosion?

While it is impossible to completely eliminate exposure to acids, there are steps you can take to minimise their impact:

Dietary changes: Limit the consumption of acidic foods and beverages, or use a straw to reduce direct contact with your teeth. Rinse your mouth with water after and avoid brushing your teeth for at least 30 minutes.

Oral hygiene: Use a fluoride toothpaste and a toothbrush that has soft bristles. Avoid abrasive whitening products. If you experience tooth sensitivity, a toothpaste formulated for sensitive teeth can provide additional relief.

Hydration: Stayed hydrated promotes saliva production, which is critical for neutralising acids and providing essential minerals to the teeth. Chewing sugar-free chewing gum can also stimulate saliva flow.

Most importantly, regular dental check-ups are essential. Your dentist can identify early signs of erosion, provide tailored treatment, and recommend preventive measures such as protective sealants to protect your enamel.