From symptoms to safety: A complete pregnancy guide

Becoming pregnant is a profound experience, accompanied by a range of physical changes and symptoms. While most of these are normal aspects of pregnancy, it's important to be aware of potential signs that may indicate underlying issues requiring medical attention. Here’s a comprehensive guide to understanding common symptoms, essential tests, and when to consult a healthcare provider during pregnancy.

Early signs and symptoms

Pregnancy typically begins with missed periods and may involve symptoms such as nausea (often referred to as morning sickness), breast tenderness, fatigue, and increased urination. These symptoms are primarily due to hormonal changes that support the growth of the baby and prepare the body for pregnancy.

What to expect: Nausea and vomiting are common, especially in the mornings, and typically improve after the first trimester. Breast tenderness is a result of hormonal changes preparing the breasts for milk production.

When to be cautious: Severe and persistent vomiting (hyperemesis gravidarum) leading to dehydration, severe abdominal pain, or heavy vaginal bleeding are signs that necessitate immediate medical attention.

Essential blood tests

During pregnancy, several blood tests are routinely conducted to monitor the mother’s health and the development of the baby.

Full blood count (FBC): This test checks for anaemia, a condition where there are not enough red blood cells to carry oxygen throughout the body. Anaemia can cause fatigue and weakness.

Blood group and antibody screening: Identifies the mother’s blood type and screens for any antibodies that could affect the baby, such as RhD antibodies.

Rubella immunity: Ensures immunity to rubella (German measles), as contracting it during pregnancy can harm the baby.

STI screening: Tests for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) like HIV, syphilis, and hepatitis B, which can impact the pregnancy and the baby if untreated.

Glucose tolerance test (GTT): Checks for gestational diabetes, a condition where blood sugar levels become high during pregnancy.

When to seek medical advice

While many pregnancy symptoms are normal, certain signs require prompt medical attention to ensure the health of both the mother and the baby.

Warning signs include:

• Severe abdominal pain or cramping
• Severe headaches or vision changes
• Vaginal bleeding or leaking of fluid
• Sudden swelling of hands, feet, or face
• Persistent fever or chills

Why it’s important: These symptoms could indicate complications such as preterm labour, preeclampsia (high blood pressure during pregnancy), or infections that need urgent treatment.