Hay fever treatment: Managing seasonal allergies

Hay fever, also known as allergic rhinitis, is a common condition triggered by allergens such as pollen, dust mites, and pet dander. It causes symptoms like sneezing, runny or blocked nose, itchy eyes, and congestion, making it uncomfortable for sufferers, particularly during peak allergy seasons. While hay fever cannot be cured, various treatments can help manage symptoms effectively and improve quality of life.

Antihistamines are commonly used to alleviate hay fever symptoms. These medications work by blocking histamine, a chemical released by the immune system in response to allergens.

They are available in various forms, including tablets, nasal sprays, and eye drops. Non-drowsy antihistamines such as loratadine and cetirizine are popular options for daytime use. Nasal corticosteroids, like fluticasone and mometasone, help reduce inflammation in the nasal passages and are particularly effective for persistent symptoms. Decongestant sprays may provide short-term relief but should not be used for extended periods to avoid rebound congestion.

For individuals with severe or persistent hay fever, immunotherapy may be an option. This long-term treatment involves gradually exposing the immune system to small amounts of allergens through injections or tablets to build tolerance and reduce allergic reactions over time. Additionally, lifestyle adjustments, such as keeping windows closed during high pollen seasons, using air purifiers, and washing clothes after outdoor exposure, can help minimise symptoms.

Combining medication with preventative measures ensures effective management of hay fever, allowing individuals to enjoy daily activities with minimal discomfort. If symptoms persist or significantly impact daily life, consulting a healthcare professional can help identify the best treatment plan tailored to individual needs.