How does lung cancer affect you?

Lung cancer is one of the most common types of cancer, affecting thousands of people each year. Although it can seem overwhelming, learning about lung cancer and its effects can help you feel more prepared and informed. A leading pulmonologist explores the key aspects of this condition.

What is lung cancer?

Lung cancer occurs when cells in the lungs begin to grow uncontrollably, creating abnormal tissue known as a tumour. Unlike normal cells, which grow and divide in an orderly way, cancer cells multiply rapidly and can spread to other parts of the body. This process, known as metastasis, is why early detection and treatment are crucial.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) are the two principal types of lung cancer. NSCLC is the most common type and usually grows more slowly. SCLC, on the other hand, is less common but tends to spread faster.

What are the risk factors for lung cancer?

Smoking is the primary cause of lung cancer and is responsible for the majority of cases. Cigarettes contain harmful substances called carcinogens, which damage lung tissue and increase the likelihood of cancer developing. However, non-smokers can also develop lung cancer due to other risk factors such as exposure to second-hand smoke, air pollution, and certain workplace chemicals, like asbestos.

A family history of lung cancer can also increase your risk, as can long-term exposure to radon, a naturally occurring radioactive gas found in some buildings.

What are the symptoms of lung cancer?

Lung cancer symptoms can vary and often don’t appear until the disease is advanced. Common symptoms include a persistent cough that doesn’t go away, chest pain, shortness of breath, and coughing up blood. Some people may notice unexplained weight loss, fatigue, or frequent chest infections, such as pneumonia or bronchitis.

If you experience any of these symptoms, it’s essential to consult your doctor. While they may be caused by other conditions, only a healthcare professional can determine the underlying cause.

How is lung cancer diagnosed?

Doctors use a combination of tests to diagnose lung cancer. These might include imaging tests like X-rays or CT scans, which provide detailed pictures of your lungs. If a suspicious area is found, a biopsy may be performed. This involves removing a small sample of lung tissue to examine under a microscope for cancer cells.

Blood tests and other procedures, like a bronchoscopy (where a thin, flexible tube with a camera is inserted into the lungs), may also be used to confirm the diagnosis and determine the stage of cancer.

What are the treatment options?

The type of treatment offered will depend on the type and stage of lung cancer. Common options include surgery to remove the tumour, chemotherapy (using drugs to kill cancer cells), and radiation therapy (using high-energy rays to target the cancer). For some patients, targeted therapies or immunotherapy may be recommended. These newer treatments work by blocking specific cancer growth signals or boosting the immune system’s ability to fight cancer.

Your doctor will work with you to create a treatment plan tailored to your needs, considering factors such as your overall health and preferences. Early diagnosis often leads to better outcomes, so timely medical attention is key.