Knee pain relief: The rise of genicular artery embolisation

In the realm of pain management, knee pain stands as a formidable challenge, affecting millions worldwide and often defying conventional treatments. However, emerging medical advancements offer hope in the form of genicular artery embolisation (GAE). This minimally invasive procedure is garnering attention for its potential to alleviate knee pain and improve quality of life for countless individuals. In his latest online article, Professor Mark Little delves into the intricacies of GAE, its mechanism, applications, and the transformative impact it promises in the field of pain management.

Understanding genicular artery embolisation:

Genicular artery embolisation is a cutting-edge intervention designed to target chronic knee pain by disrupting the blood supply to the affected area. The procedure involves the selective occlusion of genicular arteries, which are the primary blood vessels supplying the knee joint. By reducing blood flow to the inflamed or damaged tissues, GAE aims to alleviate pain and promote healing without the need for invasive surgery.

Mechanism of action:

GAE is performed under fluoroscopic guidance by interventional radiologists. A catheter is inserted into the femoral artery, and through careful navigation, it is guided to the genicular arteries surrounding the knee joint. Once in position, tiny particles are deployed through the catheter to block the blood flow in these arteries selectively. By interrupting the abnormal vessels to the affected tissues, GAE effectively dampens the pain signals and facilitates the body's natural healing processes.

Applications and efficacy:

Clinical studies have demonstrated promising results, with many patients experiencing significant reductions in pain and improvements in mobility following GAE. Moreover, GAE offers several advantages over traditional treatments, such as corticosteroid injections or knee replacement surgery, including fewer complications, shorter recovery times, and preservation of joint function.

Future directions and challenges:

While GAE holds immense promise as a non-surgical solution for knee pain, several challenges and avenues for further research remain. Refining the technique to optimise patient outcomes, expanding its accessibility, and establishing long-term efficacy and safety profiles are crucial areas for advancement. Additionally, continued collaboration between interventional radiologists, orthopaedic specialists, and pain management experts will be essential in unlocking the full potential of GAE and addressing the diverse needs of patients with knee pain.

Professor Mark Little is an esteemed consultant interventional and diagnostic radiologist. You can schedule an appointment with Professor Little on his Top Doctors profile.