Navigating menopause: the truth about hormone replacement therapy (HRT)

Menopause can bring about many changes in a woman’s body, leading to various uncomfortable symptoms such as hot flashes, mood swings, and sleep disturbances. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is a common treatment option that can help manage these symptoms, but there is often confusion about its benefits and risks.

Consultant gynaecologist Miss Rowena Bevan provides insight into HRT and what women should consider when making decisions about their menopause care.
 

What is hormone replacement therapy (HRT)?

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is a treatment used to replace the hormones, primarily oestrogen and progesterone, that decrease during menopause. This therapy helps alleviate common menopausal symptoms such as:
 

• Hot flashes: sudden feelings of warmth in the upper body.
• Night sweats: excessive sweating during sleep.
• Mood changes: irritability, anxiety, and depression related to hormonal fluctuations.
• Vaginal dryness: discomfort during intercourse and general irritation.
   

HRT comes in various forms, including pills, patches, gels, and creams, allowing women to choose the method that best suits their lifestyle and needs.
 

What are the benefits of HRT?

HRT provides several benefits that can improve a woman’s quality of life during and after menopause, including:
 

• Symptom relief: significantly reduces the frequency and severity of hot flashes, night sweats, and mood swings.
• Bone health: helps prevent osteoporosis by maintaining bone density, which is particularly important as women age.
• Heart health: some studies suggest HRT may offer protective effects on heart health when started early in menopause.
   

Are there any risks associated with HRT?

Like any medical treatment, HRT has risks that should be discussed with a healthcare professional. These include:
 

• Increased risk of blood clots: particularly for women using HRT in pill form.
• Breast cancer: long-term use of combined HRT (oestrogen and progesterone) may increase the risk of breast cancer.
• Stroke and heart disease: certain types of HRT and factors like age and medical history may elevate the risk of stroke or heart disease.
   

Who is a good candidate for HRT?

HRT is often recommended for women experiencing moderate to severe menopausal symptoms that affect their daily lives. However, it is not suitable for everyone. Women with a history of certain conditions, such as breast cancer, blood clots, or heart disease, may be advised to explore alternative treatments. A thorough consultation with a gynaecologist can help determine if HRT is right for you.
 

What lifestyle changes can complement HRT?

In addition to HRT, lifestyle modifications can help manage menopausal symptoms:
 

• Regular exercise: improves mood, bone health, and overall well-being.
• Healthy diet: eating a diet rich in calcium and vitamin D supports bone health.
• Stress management: techniques such as yoga, meditation, or deep breathing exercises can help reduce stress and improve sleep quality.
   

Considering hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for managing menopause? Arrange a consultation with Miss Rowena Bevan via her Top Doctors profile.