PCOS: Your questions answered by an expert

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a condition which affects 1 in 10 women in the UK, however, knowledge of the condition is not widespread. Leading consultant gynaecologist and fertility specialist Miss Petya Doncheva is here to answer your commonly asked questions about the condition.

What is PCOS?

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder that affects a woman's ovaries during childbearing years. It is extremely common and results in an irregular menstrual cycle.

What are the symptoms of PCOS?

PCOS can be characterised by a wide range of symptoms such as:

• amenorrhoea (missed periods)
• irregular periods
• unwanted hair growth (excessive facial hair)
• thinning hair on the head
• acne
• mood changes
• sleep problems
• infertility
• depression
• weight gain
• fatigue

If the condition is left untreated for too long, it may lead to an increased risk of developing health disorders such as endometrial cancer or infertility, as well as high blood pressure, heart problems, diabetes and breast cancer. Despite this, early PCOS treatment can help to prevent infertility and increase the chance of having a healthy pregnancy.

What are the causes of PCOS?

The exact cause of PCOS is unknown but there are multiple factors which may play a role in the development of the condition. These include:

• excess androgen
• family history
• excess insulin
• low-grade inflammation 

The condition is related to abnormal hormone levels in the body including high levels of insulin.

Who is at risk of developing PCOS?

Any woman of reproductive age can be affected by PCOS. However, those with a family history of PCOS are more likely to develop the condition.

How is PCOS diagnosed?

There is no exact diagnostic procedure for PCOS. Initially, there will be a discussion of your medical history including menstrual periods and any variations in weight. Following this, the doctor will perform a physical exam. This test will consist of checking for signs of excess hair growth, insulin resistance and acne.

How can I prevent PCOS?

Unfortunately, Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) cannot be prevented, though early diagnosis and treatment can help to prevent a range of long-term complications, including:

• infertility
• obesity
• diabetes
• heart disease
• metabolic syndrome

How is PCOS treated?

Treatment for PCOS concentrates on the management of individual concerns. Some of these patient concerns may include infertility, hirsutism, acne or obesity. Depending on the patient, some may undergo lifestyle changes, while others require medication.

If you are concerned about any of the symptoms of PCOS and would like to schedule a consultation with Miss Doncheva, you can do so by visiting her Top Doctors profile.