Respiratory diseases in children: Common conditions and care

Respiratory diseases in children are among the most frequent reasons for paediatric medical visits, causing significant concern for parents and caregivers. These conditions can range from mild and self-limiting to severe and chronic, impacting the overall health and development of affected children. Understanding the common types of respiratory diseases, their symptoms, and available treatments is crucial for effective management and prevention.

One of the most common respiratory conditions in children is asthma, a chronic disorder characterised by inflammation of the airways. Symptoms include wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness, often triggered by allergens, infections, or physical activity. Effective asthma management typically involves the use of inhalers, preventive medications, and identifying triggers to reduce flare-ups.

Another prevalent condition is bronchiolitis, especially in infants and toddlers. It is usually caused by viral infections, such as the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Symptoms include a persistent cough, wheezing, and difficulty breathing. While most cases resolve with supportive care, such as hydration and oxygen therapy, severe cases may require hospitalisation.

Pneumonia, an infection of the lungs, is another concern in children. It can be bacterial or viral in origin, with symptoms like high fever, rapid breathing, and a productive cough. Early medical intervention with antibiotics (for bacterial pneumonia) or antiviral treatments can significantly improve outcomes. Vaccination plays a key role in preventing certain types of pneumonia.

Chronic respiratory conditions like cystic fibrosis also affect children. This genetic disorder leads to thick mucus buildup in the lungs, causing repeated infections and breathing difficulties. Advanced therapies, including airway clearance techniques and targeted medications, help improve quality of life for children with this condition.

Preventing respiratory diseases in children involves maintaining good hygiene practices, ensuring vaccinations are up to date, and reducing exposure to environmental irritants like smoke and allergens. Parents should seek prompt medical attention if symptoms worsen or do not improve with initial care. Understanding the signs and symptoms of respiratory diseases and following tailored treatment plans can ensure better outcomes for children, promoting healthy growth and development.