Retinal detachment: an examination

Retinal detachment is a serious eye condition that occurs when the retina, the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye, becomes detached from its normal position, which can lead to a range of visual disturbances and, if left untreated, may result in permanent vision loss.

Renowned consultant ophthalmologist and vitreoretinal specialist Mr Bhaskar Gupta examines the condition, including causes, diagnosis and what happens during retinal detachment surgery.

What is retinal detachment?

Retinal detachment occurs when the retina, responsible for transmitting visual information to the brain, pulls away from the underlying layers of blood vessels and supportive tissues. This separation can create a gap where fluids can accumulate, preventing the retina from receiving the necessary nutrients and oxygen.

What causes retinal detachment?

The primary cause of retinal detachment is the development of small tears or holes in the retina. This can be triggered by various factors, including ageing, trauma to the eye, inflammatory eye disorders, or underlying eye conditions such as myopia (nearsightedness).

What are the symptoms of retinal detachment?

Patients with retinal detachment often experience sudden and noticeable changes in their vision. Symptoms may include the appearance of floaters (small, dark spots or lines), flashes of light, a shadow or curtain-like effect in the peripheral vision, or a sudden decrease in central vision. It is crucial to seek immediate medical attention if any of these symptoms are present.

Who is at risk for retinal detachment?

While retinal detachment can affect individuals of any age, certain factors increase the risk of developing the condition. These include advancing age, a family history of retinal detachment, previous eye surgery, severe nearsightedness, and eye injuries. Individuals with diabetes are also at a higher risk due to potential complications affecting the retina.

How is retinal detachment diagnosed?

A comprehensive eye examination is essential for diagnosing retinal detachment. An eye care professional will use various tests, including visual acuity tests, dilated eye exams, and imaging tests such as ultrasound or optical coherence tomography (OCT), to assess the condition of the retina and determine the extent of detachment.

What happens during retinal detachment surgery?  What happens during the recovery process?

Surgery is typically required to repair a detached retina and prevent further vision loss. During retinal detachment surgery, the eye surgeon aims to reattach the detached retina. Common techniques include scleral buckling, where a band is placed around the eye to support the retina, or vitrectomy, involving the removal of the vitreous gel and replacing it with a gas or silicone oil to push the retina back into place. Additionally, laser or freezing techniques may be used to seal retinal tears.

The choice of procedure depends on the severity and location of detachment. Successful surgery aims to restore blood flow, prevent further detachment, and preserve or improve vision, although outcomes vary based on individual cases. Following surgery, patients may need to limit physical activity, avoid strenuous eye movements, and use prescribed eye drops to facilitate healing.

Are there any long-term complications or risks associated with retinal detachment surgery?

While retinal detachment surgery is generally successful in reattaching the retina and restoring vision, there are potential risks and complications, such as infection, bleeding, or the development of new retinal tears. Regular follow-up appointments with a specialist ophthalmologist are crucial to monitor the healing process and address any emerging issues promptly.

If you are suffering from retinal detachment and would like to book a consultation with Mr Gupta, simply visit his Top Doctors profile today.