Rotator cuff repair: what you need to know

If you’re experiencing shoulder pain, weakness, or difficulty lifting your arm, you may have a rotator cuff injury. The rotator cuff is a group of four muscles and tendons that stabilise the shoulder and enable a wide range of motion. When these tendons are damaged, surgery may be necessary to restore function and relieve discomfort.

Let’s explore the key aspects of rotator cuff repair to help you better understand the procedure.

What is a rotator cuff tear?

A rotator cuff tear occurs when one or more of the tendons in the rotator cuff become partially or completely detached from the bone. This can happen due to an acute injury, such as a fall, or as a result of long-term wear and tear, particularly in individuals over 40. Symptoms often include shoulder pain, weakness, and limited mobility. Left untreated, a torn rotator cuff can worsen over time, leading to further complications.

When is surgery needed?

Not all rotator cuff injuries require surgery. In many cases, conservative treatments such as physiotherapy, anti-inflammatory medications, and rest can help manage symptoms and improve function. Surgery is typically recommended when the tear is severe, symptoms persist despite non-surgical treatments, or when there is significant loss of strength or mobility.

How is rotator cuff repair performed?

Rotator cuff repair is most commonly performed using minimally invasive techniques, such as arthroscopy. During this procedure, the surgeon makes small incisions and inserts a camera (arthroscope) and specialised instruments to repair the torn tendon. The tendon is reattached to the bone using sutures or small anchors.

In some cases, open surgery may be required, especially if the tear is extensive. The choice of technique depends on factors such as the size of the tear, the patient’s overall health, and the surgeon’s recommendation.

What can you expect during recovery?

Recovery from rotator cuff repair takes time and involves a structured rehabilitation programme. Initially, your arm will likely be immobilised in a sling to protect the repair. Physiotherapy will follow, starting with gentle passive exercises to restore range of motion and progressing to strengthening exercises.

Most patients regain significant function within four to six months, although full recovery can take up to a year. It’s important to follow your surgeon’s and physiotherapist’s guidance closely to achieve the best results.

Are there risks involved?

Like any surgery, rotator cuff repair carries risks, including infection, stiffness, or failure of the repair. However, these complications are relatively rare. Most patients experience significant pain relief and improved shoulder function following the procedure.

If you suspect a rotator cuff injury or have concerns about your shoulder health, consult a medical professional for a thorough evaluation and tailored treatment plan.