Surgery for a lumbar disc prolapse (slipped disc)

Surgery for a lumbar disc prolapse, also known as a herniated or slipped disc, is typically recommended when non-surgical treatments have failed, or the condition is causing severe symptoms like persistent pain, significant nerve compression, or loss of bladder or bowel control. The goal of surgery is to relieve pressure on the affected nerves, alleviate pain and restore mobility and quality of life.

When is surgery necessary?

Surgical intervention may be necessary if you experience:

• Severe or unrelenting pain that does not respond to medications or physical therapy.
• Neurological symptoms, such as numbness, weakness or tingling in the legs, indicating nerve compression.
• Loss of function, including difficulty walking, standing, or controlling bowel or bladder function (a condition known as cauda equina syndrome).

What are the different types of surgery for lumbar disc prolapse?

• Microdiscectomy: This minimally invasive procedure is one of the most common surgeries for lumbar disc prolapse. It involves removing the herniated portion of the disc to relieve pressure on the nerve.
• Laminectomy: In cases of significant nerve compression, the surgeon may remove part of the vertebra (the lamina) to create more space for the spinal cord or nerves.
• Disc replacement: For certain patients, the damaged disc may be replaced with an artificial disc, helping maintain spinal stability and mobility.
• Spinal fusion: In cases where the spine needs additional support, two or more vertebrae are fused together to stabilise the affected area.

What’s involved in recovery after lumbar disc prolapse surgery?

Recovery times vary depending on the type of surgery and the individual’s overall health. Key aspects of recovery include:

• Pain management: Medications and proper wound care are essential for the initial healing process.
• Physiotherapy: A rehabilitation programme helps improve strength, flexibility and posture.
• Activity restrictions: Patients are often advised to avoid heavy lifting, bending, or twisting for several weeks post-surgery.

Success rates and outlook

Surgery for lumbar disc prolapse generally has high success rates, with many patients experiencing significant relief from symptoms and improved mobility. Long-term outcomes are enhanced by maintaining a healthy weight, practising good posture and engaging in regular, low-impact exercise to strengthen the back and core muscles.