The most common questions about cataract surgery

Cataract surgery is among the most frequently performed and highly successful procedures globally. Cataracts, a natural part of the ageing process, are clouded areas that form within the eye’s lens, causing blurry vision, glare, and difficulty seeing in low light. If you or a loved one is considering cataract surgery, it’s normal to have questions. Here, we address some of the most frequently asked questions to help you feel informed and comfortable with the process.

What is cataract surgery?

Cataract surgery is a procedure designed to remove the cloudy lens in the eye that causes blurred or distorted vision. During the procedure, a surgeon removes the affected lens and replaces it with a clear, artificial lens called an intraocular lens (IOL). This new lens allows light to focus correctly on the retina, located at the back of the eye, restoring clear vision. The surgery is usually done on an outpatient basis, allowing you to go home the same day

When should I consider cataract surgery?

Cataract surgery is usually recommended when cataracts begin to interfere significantly with your daily activities, such as driving, reading, or recognising faces. In early stages, cataracts may cause only minor vision changes that can be managed with stronger glasses or brighter lighting. However, as cataracts progress, they can reduce your vision quality and impact your independence. It is generally best to consider surgery once your vision loss starts to affect your quality of life and when glasses no longer provide adequate correction.

How long does cataract surgery take?

The actual cataract surgery procedure is relatively quick, taking approximately 10 to 20 minutes per eye. However, you should plan to be at the surgical centre for about two to three hours to allow time for pre-operative preparation, post-operative recovery, and instructions. Typically, only one eye is operated on at a time to allow the other eye to continue functioning while the treated eye heals.

What lenses options are available during cataract surgery?

Intraocular lenses (IOLs) come in various types, designed to address different visual needs. The most common types are:

• Monofocal lenses, which provide clear vision at a single distance, usually either near or far. You may still need glasses for other tasks.
• Multifocal lenses can provide clear vision at multiple distances, potentially reducing the need for glasses.
• Toric lenses are designed to correct astigmatism, a common condition where the eye’s shape causes blurred vision.

Your surgeon will discuss your lifestyle and vision goals to help determine the best type of IOL for you.

How long does recovery take after cataract surgery?

Recovery from cataract surgery is generally quick, with many patients noticing improved vision within a few days. Full recovery usually takes about 4 to 6 weeks, during which time you should avoid strenuous activities, swimming, and environments with dust or strong wind to minimise the risk of infection. Most patients can resume normal activities, such as reading and watching television, within a few days.

Are there any risks or complications?

While cataract surgery is generally safe, like any surgery, it does carry some risks. Potential complications include infection, inflammation, bleeding, and a rare risk of retinal detachment. However, most complications are treatable if addressed promptly. Following your surgeon’s aftercare instructions and attending all follow-up appointments can help reduce these risks.

Will I need glasses after cataract surgery?

Whether you’ll need glasses after cataract surgery depends on the type of intraocular lens chosen. If you opt for a monofocal lens, you may need glasses for reading or other close-up tasks. Multifocal or accommodative lenses can reduce the need for glasses, but some patients may still require them for certain activities. Your surgeon will discuss realistic expectations with you based on the IOL chosen and your unique visual needs.

By understanding what to expect before, during, and after cataract surgery, you can make an informed decision that best suits your lifestyle and vision goals. This transformative surgery has helped millions regain clear sight and maintain independence, making it a highly valuable option for those experiencing vision loss due to cataracts.