Understanding benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH): A guide for patients

As men age, various changes occur within the body, and one such change that commonly affects older men is benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH), which causes enlargement of the prostate gland, leading to urinary symptoms such as frequent urination and a weak urine stream.

Leading consultant urologist Mr Junaid Masood explores what BPH is, its symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and available treatment options.

What is benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)?

Benign prostatic hypertrophy, often abbreviated as BPH, is a condition where the prostate gland enlarges. The prostate gland is a small gland located below the bladder and surrounding the urethra, the tube through which urine passes. When the prostate enlarges, it can put pressure on the urethra, leading to various urinary symptoms.

Understanding the symptoms

Men with BPH may experience a range of urinary symptoms, including:

• Frequent urination, especially at night (nocturia)
• Difficulty starting urination
• Weak urine stream
• Dribbling at the end of urination
• Incomplete emptying of the bladder
• Urinary urgency

These symptoms can significantly impact a man's quality of life, affecting sleep patterns, daily activities, and overall well-being.

What are the principal causes of benign prostatic hypertrophy?

The exact cause of BPH is not fully understood. However, it is believed to be linked to hormonal changes that occur as men age, particularly changes in testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels. Additionally, factors such as family history, obesity, and lifestyle choices may contribute to the development of BPH.

How is benign prostatic hypertrophy diagnosed?

If you are experiencing symptoms of BPH, it is essential to consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis. Your doctor may perform a physical examination, including a digital rectal examination (DRE), to assess the size and condition of your prostate gland. Additionally, other tests such as a urine flow study or ultrasound may be conducted to evaluate your urinary function and rule out other possible causes of your symptoms.

What are the treatment options?

Treatment for BPH depends on the severity of your symptoms and how much they affect your daily life. Some common treatment options include:

Medications: Alpha-blockers and 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors are commonly prescribed to relieve symptoms by relaxing the muscles of the prostate and reducing its size.

Minimally invasive procedures: Procedures such as transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) or laser therapy may be recommended for men with moderate to severe symptoms.

Surgery: In some cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to remove the enlarged part of the prostate gland.

It is essential to discuss the best treatment approach for your specific situation, with your doctor, taking into account factors such as your overall health, the severity of your symptoms, and your personal preferences.

If you would like to book a consultation with Mr Masood, do not hesitate to do so by visiting his Top Doctors profile today