Understanding fibromyalgia: A comprehensive guide to pain management

Fibromyalgia is a complex and often misunderstood condition characterised by widespread pain and tenderness in the muscles, ligaments, and tendons. For those who suffer from fibromyalgia, the daily battle with pain can be overwhelming. Fortunately, there are a number of effective pain management strategies which can help patients who suffer from fibromyalgia to regain control of their lives. To learn more, we invited revered consultant in pain management and anaesthesia Dr Rajiv Malhotra to shed light on the most troublesome symptoms of fibromyalgia and the range of management strategies available to help.

What is fibromyalgia?

Fibromyalgia is a chronic condition that affects the central nervous system, causing heightened pain sensitivity. It is not an inflammatory or degenerative condition like arthritis but rather a disorder of pain processing. This means that the way your brain perceives pain is altered, leading to widespread and persistent discomfort.

Recognising the symptoms of fibromyalgia

Fibromyalgia is known for its wide array of symptoms, with pain being the most prominent. Common signs include:

Widespread pain

Patients often describe aching, burning, or stabbing pain throughout their bodies, which persists for at least three months.

Fatigue

Overwhelming fatigue, often unrelieved by sleep, is a hallmark of fibromyalgia.

Sleep disturbances

Difficulty falling asleep and staying asleep can worsen pain and fatigue.

Cognitive difficulties

Referred to as "fibro fog", this includes memory problems, difficulty concentrating, and mental clarity issues.

Tender points

Specific points on the body, such as the neck, shoulders, chest, hips, and knees, may be tender to touch.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and other symptoms

Some patients may experience digestive issues, headaches, and mood disturbances.

What types of pain management strategies can help relieve symptoms of fibromyalgia?

Managing fibromyalgia pain can be challenging, but there are strategies to improve your quality of life. Your pain specialist may prescribe medications to help manage pain, improve sleep, and alleviate symptoms. These may include analgesics, antidepressants, and anticonvulsants.

In addition, a tailored exercise program can help improve strength, flexibility, and overall physical function. Physical therapists can also teach relaxation techniques to manage stress. Incorporating a balanced diet, regular exercise, and stress-reduction techniques can also make a significant difference in pain management. Avoiding caffeine and alcohol close to bedtime may help improve your sleep.

Some patients find that cognitive behavioural therapy helps them to develop coping strategies, manage stress, and improve their overall mental wellbeing. In addition, connecting with others who share your condition can provide emotional support and practical advice for managing fibromyalgia.

There are also alternative therapies to consider. Some individuals find relief through acupuncture, massage therapy, or chiropractic care. Overall, avoiding overexertion and pacing yourself is key. Learning to manage your energy levels is crucial, so don't be afraid to say no when needed.

When should I seeking professional help?

If you suspect you have fibromyalgia or have already received a diagnosis, it's essential to work closely with a specialist who is experienced in treating the condition. With this expertise, your doctor can help create a tailored pain management plan that suits your individual needs.

If you are struggling with the symptoms of fibromyalgia and would like to schedule a consultation with Dr Malhotra, you can do so by visiting his Top Doctors profile.