Understanding lupus: Key signs and symptoms to be aware of

In conditions such as lupus, known for its complexity and varied symptoms, the journey to diagnosis can be particularly challenging. In this article, we hear expert insight from revered consultant rheumatologist Dr Elisa Astorri, who sheds light on the symptoms of lupus and why the condition can often be so difficult to diagnose.

What is lupus?

Lupus, scientifically referred to as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), is an autoimmune disease. In simple terms, it means that your immune system, the body's defence mechanism against infections, mistakenly attacks healthy tissues and organs. The result is inflammation, which can affect various parts of the body, leading to a range of symptoms.

Why is lupus so difficult to diagnose?

Lupus is often described as the "great imitator" because it can mimic the signs of numerous other conditions, making diagnosis a tricky task. Symptoms can be vague, and they may come and go, making it even more elusive. Common symptoms include:

• Fatigue - overwhelming tiredness that doesn't improve with rest
• Joint pain and stiffness, often resembling arthritis
• Skin rashes, particularly butterfly-shaped facial rashes
• Photosensitivity - sensitivity to sunlight
• Skin lesions
• Unexplained and persistent fever
• Thinning hair or hair loss

How is a lupus diagnosis made?

If you suspect lupus might be causing your symptoms, it's crucial to see a doctor about your symptoms. Diagnosis typically involves a combination of several steps, including a medical history, where your doctor will ask about your symptoms and any family history of autoimmune diseases.

A physical examination may also be performed where your doctor will look for specific signs of lupus, such as rashes or joint tenderness. In addition, blood tests can reveal antibodies commonly associated with lupus, such as antinuclear antibodies (ANA).

Why is early diagnosis so important?

Early detection of lupus is vital for effective management. Left untreated, lupus can lead to more severe complications, including kidney damage, heart problems, and neurological issues. Therefore, if you suspect lupus based on your symptoms, don't hesitate to consult a doctor to discuss your concerns.

What is the prognosis for patients diagnosed with lupus?

If you receive a lupus diagnosis, know that it's not the end of the world. Lupus can be managed with the right medical care and lifestyle adjustments. Your treatment plan may include:

• Medications: Depending on your symptoms, your doctor may prescribe anti-inflammatory drugs, immunosuppressants, or corticosteroids.
• Lifestyle changes: A balanced diet, regular exercise, stress management, and sun protection can all play a significant role in managing lupus.

If you are concerned about the symptoms of lupus or a family history of autoimmune conditions, visit Dr Astorri’s Top Doctors profile today to schedule a consultation.