Unveiling the myths: what you need to know about colposcopy and women’s health

Colposcopy is a common and essential procedure in women's healthcare, particularly for those who have had abnormal cervical screening results. Many myths and misconceptions surround this procedure, leaving patients uncertain and anxious.

This article aims to clarify these misunderstandings and answer common questions about colposcopy.

What is a colposcopy?

A colposcopy is a diagnostic procedure used to closely examine the cervix, vagina, and vulva for signs of disease. It is often recommended when cervical screening (Pap smear) shows abnormal results. A colposcope, a specialised microscope, is used to visualise the tissues more clearly, but the procedure itself is non-invasive and relatively simple.

Why would I need a colposcopy?

You may need a colposcopy if your cervical screening results show abnormalities, such as atypical cells or high-risk HPV (human papillomavirus) infection. This procedure helps identify whether the abnormal cells are precancerous, allowing for early intervention and treatment if necessary.

Is a colposcopy painful?

Many women worry that a colposcopy will be painful. In most cases, the procedure is not painful, though some patients may experience slight discomfort similar to a Pap smear.

A biopsy, if performed, may cause a brief pinching sensation, but this typically resolves quickly. Mild cramping or spotting after the procedure is normal.

How should I prepare for a colposcopy?

There is no extensive preparation required for a colposcopy, but there are a few things to keep in mind:

• Avoid sexual intercourse or using vaginal creams, tampons, or douches for 24 to 48 hours before the procedure.
• It’s best to schedule the colposcopy when you are not on your period, as this can affect the results.
• You may want to take an over-the-counter pain reliever an hour before the procedure if you're concerned about discomfort.

What happens during the procedure?

During the procedure, you will lie on an exam table with your legs in stirrups, similar to a regular gynaecological exam. A speculum is inserted into the vagina to allow visual access to the cervix.

The doctor will use the colposcope to examine the area and may apply a vinegar or iodine solution to highlight abnormal cells. If necessary, a biopsy of the abnormal tissue may be taken for further testing.

What are the risks associated with colposcopy?

Colposcopy is a low-risk procedure. Some patients may experience light bleeding or spotting, particularly if a biopsy is taken. In rare cases, infection or heavy bleeding may occur, but this is uncommon. You should avoid sexual intercourse, tampon use, and strenuous activities for a few days following the biopsy to allow healing.

What happens after the colposcopy?

After the procedure, most women can resume their normal activities immediately, though you may experience some mild cramping or spotting for a few days. If a biopsy was taken, the results will typically be available in one to two weeks, and your doctor will discuss any necessary follow-up care or treatments.

Conclusion

Colposcopy is a safe, routine procedure that plays a key role in the early detection and prevention of cervical cancer. Understanding the purpose and process of a colposcopy can alleviate anxiety and ensure you take the necessary steps to protect your reproductive health.

If your cervical screening results are abnormal, a colposcopy is an important next step in maintaining your wellbeing. Always consult with your doctor if you have any concerns about the procedure or its outcomes.