What causes prostate cancer, and what causes it?

Prostate cancer is one of the most common types of cancer among men worldwide, particularly in older adults. It develops in the prostate gland, a small walnut-shaped gland located below the bladder and in front of the rectum, which plays a role in producing seminal fluid that nourishes and transports sperm.

In this article, esteemed consultant urologist, Mr Pavlos Pavlakis, sheds more detailed and expert light on the common cancer.

What causes prostate cancer?

While the exact cause of prostate cancer is not fully understood, several risk factors have been identified, including age, family history, ethnicity, and lifestyle factors such as diet and exercise.

What are the associated symptoms?

Prostate cancer often develops slowly, and many men may not experience symptoms in the early stages of the disease. However, as the cancer progresses, symptoms may include urinary problems, such as frequent urination, difficulty urinating, blood in the urine, or pain in the pelvic area or lower back.

How is prostate cancer diagnosed?

Screening for prostate cancer typically involves a combination of a digital rectal exam (DRE) and a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test. If abnormalities are detected during screening or if symptoms suggestive of prostate cancer are present, further diagnostic tests, such as a prostate biopsy or imaging studies may be performed to confirm the diagnosis.

How is it treated?

Treatment options for prostate cancer vary depending on the stage and aggressiveness of the cancer, as well as the individual's overall health and preferences. Options may include active surveillance, which involves closely monitoring the cancer but not immediately initiating treatment unless it becomes necessary, surgery to remove the prostate gland (prostatectomy), radiation therapy, hormone therapy, chemotherapy, or immunotherapy.

The choice of treatment is typically made in collaboration between the patient and a multidisciplinary team of healthcare professionals, including urologists, radiation oncologists, medical oncologists, and other specialists. Factors such as the patient's age, overall health, the extent of the cancer, and potential side effects of treatment are taken into consideration when determining the most appropriate course of action.

To book an appointment with Mr Pavlos Pavlakis today, simply visit his Top Doctors profile.