What is breast implant-associated lymphoma?

Breast implant-associated lymphoma, more specifically known as breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL), is a rare type of cancer that can develop in the tissue surrounding breast implants. Unlike breast cancer, this condition is not a cancer of the breast tissue but rather a cancer of the immune system.

Patients and doctors alike are becoming increasingly aware of its potential risks, prompting discussions about its causes, symptoms, and treatment options. Renowned consultant breast surgeon Mr Marios Konstantinos Tasoulis explains all you need to know.

What are the symptoms of BIA-ALCL?

The most common symptoms of BIA-ALCL include swelling or a noticeable build-up of fluid around the breast implant, usually occurring several years after the implant surgery. Some individuals may also notice pain, a lump near the implant, or asymmetry between the breasts. Less commonly, the skin may feel firmer or thicker than usual. If you experience any of these symptoms, it is important to consult your doctor, as they could also indicate other conditions.

What causes BIA-ALCL?

While the exact cause of BIA-ALCL is not fully understood, research suggests it may be linked to chronic inflammation around the implant. This inflammation could arise from factors such as bacterial contamination during surgery or the implant’s surface texture. Textured implants, in particular, appear to carry a higher risk compared to smooth implants. However, the risk remains extremely low, and most women with implants will not develop this condition.

How common is BIA-ALCL?

BIA-ALCL is rare, with current studies estimating the risk to range from 1 in 3,000 to 1 in 30,000 women with textured breast implants. The condition is most often diagnosed in patients with implants placed for breast reconstruction following mastectomy, although it can also occur in those with implants for cosmetic reasons. It is worth noting that this condition has not been linked to saline or silicone gel content but rather to the implant’s outer shell.

How is BIA-ALCL diagnosed?

If your doctor suspects BIA-ALCL, they may recommend imaging tests such as ultrasound, MRI, or CT scans to look for fluid accumulation or masses near the implant. If fluid is found, a sample may be taken through a procedure called fine-needle aspiration. This sample is then tested for cancer cells. Early diagnosis significantly improves treatment outcomes.

What treatment options are available?

Treatment typically involves surgery to remove both the implant and the surrounding tissue, known as the capsule. In most cases, surgery alone is sufficient to resolve the condition. However, if the lymphoma has spread, additional treatments such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy may be needed. Your medical team will develop a plan tailored to your specific situation.

Who should be concerned?

Women with breast implants, particularly textured ones, should be aware of BIA-ALCL but not overly alarmed. Regular follow-ups with your surgeon and monitoring for changes in your breasts can help detect any issues early. Always discuss any concerns with your doctor to ensure you receive personalised and up-to-date advice.

If you are concerned about breast implant-associated lymphoma and would like to book a consultation with Mr Tasoulis, do not hesitate to do so by visiting his Top Doctors profile today.