What is traction alopecia, and how can I avoid it?

In her latest medical article here, highly experienced hair transplant surgeon, Dr Eleojo Achimugu, shares expert insights with regards to traction alopecia. 

What is traction alopecia?

Traction alopecia is a form of hair loss caused by excessive tension on the hair shafts, often resulting from hairstyles that pull the hair tightly. Unlike other types of hair loss, which may be due to genetic factors or medical conditions, traction alopecia is primarily the result of external factors like hairstyle choices. This condition is particularly common among individuals who frequently wear their hair in tight ponytails, braids, cornrows, or extensions.

Causes of traction alopecia

The primary cause of traction alopecia is prolonged tension on the hair follicles. This tension can weaken the hair roots and damage the follicles, leading to hair thinning and, eventually, permanent hair loss if the style is not altered.

While anyone can develop traction alopecia, it is more prevalent among people with certain hair types or those who wear specific hairstyles regularly. For example, individuals with tightly curled hair might be more susceptible due to the common use of braiding and weaving techniques.

Symptoms to watch for

Early signs of traction alopecia include tenderness of the scalp, redness, and small bumps on the scalp where the hair is under the most strain. Hair thinning around the temples, edges, and other areas where the hair is pulled most tightly is another common symptom. If these signs are ignored, the condition can progress to more significant hair loss, including bald patches.

Preventing and treating traction alopecia

The best way to prevent traction alopecia is to avoid hairstyles that exert excessive tension on the hair. Opting for looser styles, alternating hairstyles, and giving the hair time to recover are effective preventive measures. If traction alopecia is caught early, simply changing to less damaging hairstyles can often reverse the condition. However, in more advanced cases, medical treatments such as topical minoxidil or, in severe instances, hair transplant surgery may be necessary.