Women and heart disease: why the risks are different

Heart disease is often perceived as a condition that predominantly affects men. However, it is a leading cause of death among women, making it crucial to understand the unique risks and symptoms that women face.

This article aims to clarify the reasons behind these differences and offer insights into prevention and management.

What are the risk factors for heart disease in women?

The risk factors for heart disease in women include both traditional and unique elements:

• Traditional risk factors: these include high blood pressure, high cholesterol, obesity, smoking, and diabetes. Women who have a family history of heart disease are also at a higher risk.
• Unique risk factors: factors such as hormonal changes during menopause, pregnancy complications (like preeclampsia), and autoimmune diseases (like lupus) can also contribute to increased heart disease risk in women.
• Age: the risk of heart disease increases with age, particularly after menopause when women’s bodies undergo significant hormonal changes.

How do symptoms of heart disease differ in women?

Women may experience different or less obvious symptoms of heart disease compared to men. Common symptoms in women can include:

• Chest pain or discomfort: While this is a classic symptom, women may experience it differently than men.
• Shortness of breath: This may occur without chest pain.
• Fatigue: Unusual fatigue or weakness can be a significant warning sign.
• Nausea or indigestion: Women may mistake these symptoms for other conditions.
• Pain in the back, neck, or jaw: These can be signs of heart-related issues in women.

Recognising these symptoms early can be crucial for prompt treatment.

What can women do to reduce their risk of heart disease?

There are several lifestyle changes and strategies women can adopt to lower their risk:

• Maintain a healthy weight: achieving and maintaining a healthy weight can significantly reduce the risk of heart disease.
• Eat a balanced diet: incorporating plenty of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats while reducing saturated fats and sugars can benefit heart health.
• Exercise regularly: engaging in regular physical activity helps control weight, reduce blood pressure, and improve overall heart health.
• Avoid smoking and limit alcohol: both smoking and excessive alcohol consumption can contribute to heart disease. Quitting smoking and moderating alcohol intake are essential.
• Manage stress: techniques such as mindfulness, yoga, and therapy can help manage stress levels, which can have a positive effect on heart health.
• Regular health check-ups: regular screenings for blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and diabetes can help identify potential issues early.

When should women seek medical advice?

Women should consult their healthcare provider if they experience any unusual symptoms or have concerns about their heart health, especially if they have risk factors. Early intervention can lead to better outcomes and improved quality of life.

Conclusion

Understanding the differences in heart disease risks and symptoms for women is essential for effective prevention and management. By recognising unique risk factors and symptoms, adopting a heart-healthy lifestyle, and seeking regular medical advice, women can take proactive steps towards maintaining their heart health.

Always remember, if you have concerns about your heart health or experience symptoms, don’t hesitate to consult a healthcare professional for guidance.