YAG laser capsulotomy: how does it work?

A YAG laser capsulotomy is a non-invasive procedure used to treat cloudy vision caused by posterior capsule opacification (PCO) following cataract surgery, which is performed to restore clear vision. Leading consultant specialist optometrist Mr Don Williams answers your questions about the procedure.

What is a YAG laser capsulotomy?

A YAG laser capsulotomy is a non-invasive medical procedure used to treat posterior capsule opacification (PCO), a common condition that can occur after cataract surgery. Cataract surgery involves the removal of the natural lens of the eye that has become opaque and its replacement with an artificial lens. Over time, the posterior capsule, which holds the artificial lens in place, can become cloudy, leading to a decrease in vision. The YAG (yttrium-aluminum-garnet) laser capsulotomy procedure uses a laser to create a small opening in the cloudy capsule, allowing light to pass through more easily and restoring clearer vision.

Why might someone require a YAG laser capsulotomy?

Someone might require a YAG laser capsulotomy if they experience vision problems due to posterior capsule opacification (PCO) after cataract surgery. Symptoms of PCO include blurred vision, glare, and difficulty seeing at night, which can affect daily activities and quality of life. YAG laser capsulotomy is recommended when these symptoms become significant enough to interfere with the patient's vision and cannot be corrected with eyeglasses or contact lenses.

How is a YAG laser capsulotomy performed?

YAG laser capsulotomy is performed on an outpatient basis, usually in a doctor's office or clinic. The procedure is relatively quick and painless, and usually only takes a few minutes.

Before the procedure, the patient's eye is dilated with eye drops, and a local anaesthetic may be applied to numb the eye surface. The patient sits facing the laser machine, and the doctor uses a special lens to focus the laser beam onto the posterior capsule. The laser creates several precise cuts to a small opening in the cloudy capsule, allowing light to pass through to the retina.

What are the risks and complications associated with YAG laser capsulotomy?

Although YAG laser capsulotomy is generally very safe, like any medical procedure, it can have risks and complications, such as increased intraocular pressure. In rare cases, it can cause retinal detachment, lens dislocation, swelling of the macula (macular oedema), and infection. Most complications are manageable and can be treated effectively if detected early. Some patients may experience floaters and these floaters tend to subside a few weeks sometimes a few months after the procedure. 

Are there any restrictions or precautions to follow after undergoing YAG laser capsulotomy?

After YAG laser capsulotomy, patients can typically resume their regular activities almost immediately.

However, they may be advised to use anti-inflammatory eye drops for a few days to prevent inflammation. It's important to follow the doctor's instructions and attend follow-up appointments to monitor the eye's healing process. Patients should report any new symptoms or changes in vision to their doctor immediately.

What are the success rates of YAG laser capsulotomy in improving vision?

The success rates of YAG laser capsulotomy in improving vision are generally very high, with most patients experiencing a significant improvement in their visual acuity after the procedure. Studies have shown that the majority of patients regain vision comparable to that achieved shortly after their initial cataract surgery. However, the outcome can vary depending on individual factors such as the presence of other eye conditions.

If you require YAG laser capsulotomy and would like to book a consultation with Mr Williams, do not hesitate to do so by visiting his Top Doctors profile today.