Acceptance and commitment therapy: how does it work?
Written in association with:
Psychologist
Published: 04/07/2024
Edited by: Aoife Maguire
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is a therapeutic approach that focuses on enhancing psychological flexibility – the ability to be open, present, and engaged in the moment, however upsetting and stressful that moment is, while staying committed to actions and behaving in a way that is aligned with one’s values. Consultant Clinical Psychologist, Dr Steven Mahan-Taylor talks about the keys aspects of this therapy in this article below.
How does ACT work?
ACT combines acceptance strategies with commitment and behavioural change strategies to enhance psychological flexibility. This therapy operates on six core principles:
Acceptance: This involves fully embracing all thoughts and feelings without trying to change them. It doesn't mean liking these thoughts or feelings but recognising them as part of the human experience.
Cognitive defusion: This process helps patients detach from their thoughts, reducing their impact and influence. For instance, instead of thinking "I am a failure," one might say, "I am having the thought that I am a failure." It is the ability to recognise thoughts for what they are rather than viewing them as pure fact.
Being present: This principle encourages living in the present moment rather than dwelling on the past or worrying about the future. Mindfulness techniques are often employed to cultivate this skill.
Self as context: This concept involves seeing oneself as more than just a collection of thoughts and feelings. Patients learn to view themselves from a broader perspective, which can provide greater clarity and reduce self-criticism.
Values: Identifying what is truly important to oneself helps guide meaningful actions. Values act as a compass, providing direction and purpose.
Committed action: This involves taking concrete steps towards living according to one's values, even when faced with difficult thoughts and feelings.
ACT is a versatile therapy effective for a range of psychological conditions. It has been shown to be beneficial for patients with depression, anxiety disorders, chronic pain, and stress-related issues.
Who can benefit from ACT?
Anyone can benefit from engaging with ACT. ACT has the potential to be utilised in every aspect of our human experience.
What can you expect in an ACT session?
During an ACT session, the therapist will guide you through various exercises designed to help you accept your thoughts and feelings and commit to actions that align with your values. These exercises may include mindfulness practices, metaphors, and experiential activities. Sessions are typically collaborative, with the therapist and patient working together to address specific challenges and goals.
Is ACT scientifically supported?
Yes, ACT is backed by a growing body of scientific research demonstrating its effectiveness. Numerous studies have shown that ACT can lead to significant improvements in psychological well-being and functioning. This evidence base supports its use in both clinical and non-clinical settings.
Why choose ACT over other therapies?
While traditional therapies often focus on symptom reduction, ACT aims to improve overall quality of life by fostering psychological flexibility and improving resilience for emotional pain.
ACT offers a unique, evidence-based approach to therapy that emphasises acceptance, mindfulness, and value-driven action. By learning to accept your internal experiences and commit to living according to your values, you can enhance your psychological flexibility and overall well-being.
If you are considering ACT therapy and would like to book a consultation with Dr Mahan-Taylor, do not hesitate to do so by visiting his Top Doctors profile today.