All about shoulder bursitis
Written in association with:
Published: 13/01/2025
Edited by: Conor Lynch
Shoulder bursitis is a common condition caused by inflammation of the bursa, a small fluid-filled sac that cushions and reduces friction between tissues in the shoulder joint. This inflammation can result in pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility, often impacting daily activities and overall quality of life.
The primary cause of shoulder bursitis is repetitive motion or overuse, which leads to irritation of the bursa. Activities involving overhead motions, such as painting, swimming, or lifting, are common culprits. Acute injuries, infections, or underlying conditions like rheumatoid arthritis or gout can also contribute to the development of bursitis. Age is another risk factor, as the tendons and bursae in the shoulder may naturally degenerate over time.
The symptoms of shoulder bursitis typically include localised pain around the shoulder, particularly when moving the arm. The pain may be sharp during activity and achy during rest. Swelling, tenderness, and warmth in the affected area are common, and patients may experience difficulty performing simple tasks, such as reaching overhead or lying on the affected side.
Diagnosis is often made based on a clinical evaluation that includes a physical examination and a review of symptoms. Imaging tests like X-rays or ultrasounds may be used to rule out other conditions, such as fractures or rotator cuff tears, and confirm inflammation in the bursa.
Treatment for shoulder bursitis begins with conservative measures aimed at reducing inflammation and pain. Rest and activity modification are crucial to preventing further irritation. Applying ice packs to the shoulder and taking over-the-counter anti-inflammatory medications, such as ibuprofen, can help alleviate symptoms. Physical therapy plays a key role in recovery, offering exercises to strengthen the shoulder muscles and improve flexibility.
In severe or persistent cases, corticosteroid injections may be administered to reduce inflammation directly. Rarely, surgical intervention may be required to remove the inflamed bursa if other treatments prove ineffective.
With early diagnosis and proper management, most individuals recover fully from shoulder bursitis. Adopting preventative strategies, such as maintaining proper posture, warming up before physical activity, and avoiding repetitive strain, can help minimize the risk of recurrence.