Busting the bump: effective ways to treat and prevent ganglion cysts
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Published: 30/09/2024
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Ganglion cysts are common lumps that often develop on the hands or wrists. While they are usually harmless, they can cause discomfort and affect daily activities.
This article will cover the essential information on treating and preventing ganglion cysts.
What is a ganglion cyst?
A ganglion cyst is a non-cancerous, fluid-filled lump that often forms near joints or tendons. The fluid inside the cyst is similar to the fluid found in your joints, known as synovial fluid, which helps lubricate movement. These cysts most frequently appear on the wrist but can also develop on the fingers, feet, or ankles.
Ganglion cysts vary in size, and they may grow or shrink over time. In some cases, they disappear without any treatment.
Are ganglion cysts harmful?
Ganglion cysts are usually benign and not dangerous. However, they can cause discomfort, particularly if they press on nearby nerves. This can lead to pain, tingling, or numbness. Additionally, depending on the cyst's size and location, it may restrict movement or interfere with joint function.
Although they are not harmful, many people seek treatment for ganglion cysts to relieve symptoms or for cosmetic reasons.
What causes a ganglion cyst?
The exact cause of ganglion cysts is not fully understood. It is thought that they develop when the synovial fluid leaks from a joint or tendon sheath and accumulates in a sac.
Several factors may increase the likelihood of developing a ganglion cyst, including:
Joint or tendon injury: a history of trauma may increase the risk. Repetitive motion: activities that put repetitive strain on the wrist or fingers, such as typing or sports, can contribute. Arthritis: people with osteoarthritis, especially in the finger joints, are more likely to develop ganglion cysts.
How are ganglion cysts diagnosed?
In most cases, a diagnosis is made during a physical examination. Your doctor may palpate the lump and check for any associated symptoms like pain or reduced range of motion. Sometimes, an imaging test, such as an X-ray or ultrasound, is used to rule out other conditions or to confirm the diagnosis.
What are the treatment options for ganglion cysts?
Treatment depends on the severity of symptoms and personal preference. Several approaches can be considered:
Observation (watchful waiting): in many cases, no treatment is necessary, especially if the cyst is painless. Ganglion cysts can sometimes disappear on their own without any medical intervention. Regular monitoring by a healthcare professional may be advised if there are no symptoms, and there is no harm in taking a wait-and-see approach. Aspiration: aspiration involves using a needle to drain the fluid from the cyst. This is a simple and non-invasive procedure performed under local anaesthetic. Aspiration can provide relief from pain or discomfort, but the cyst may recur over time, as the fluid can refill. Surgical removal: if a ganglion cyst causes significant pain or reappears after aspiration, surgery may be recommended. During the procedure, the entire cyst, including its stalk (the part that connects it to the joint), is removed. This reduces the chance of the cyst returning, but there is still a small risk of recurrence. Recovery from surgery is generally quick, though you may need a period of rest and rehabilitation to restore full function to the hand or wrist.
Can ganglion cysts be prevented?
While there is no guaranteed way to prevent ganglion cysts, certain measures may help reduce the risk of developing one:
Avoid repetitive strain: if your work or hobbies involve repetitive hand or wrist movements, take regular breaks to minimise strain on the joints. Use protective gear: in activities that carry a risk of joint injury, such as contact sports, wearing appropriate protective gear can help. Strengthen your wrists: engaging in exercises to strengthen the muscles around your wrists and hands may provide support to the joints and tendons, potentially lowering the risk of cyst formation.
When should I see a doctor about a ganglion cyst?
You should seek medical advice if you experience any of the following:
Persistent pain, numbness, or tingling. The cyst limits your range of motion or affects daily activities. The lump grows rapidly or changes in appearance.
A consultation with a specialist can help determine the best course of action based on your symptoms and personal circumstances.