How does Semaglutide treat obesity?
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Published: 17/07/2024
Edited by: Carlota Pano
Semaglutide has emerged as a promising medication for the treatment of obesity, offering not only effective weight management but also improvements in overall health.
Here, Professor Carel Le Roux, renowned specialist in metabolic medicine, offers an expert insight into how Semaglutide works and the critical health complications associated with obesity.
What is Semaglutide, and how does it treat obesity?
Semaglutide is a medication that belongs to a group of drugs called GLP-1 receptor agonists, which mimic the effects of the natural hormone GLP-1. This hormone is essential for regulating blood sugar levels and appetite.
When Semaglutide is administered, the medication enhances the release of insulin and suppresses glucagon secretion after meals, which helps lower blood sugar levels. Additionally, Semaglutide acts on the brain's appetite centres, promoting a feeling of fullness and reducing food intake.
The dual mechanism of Semaglutide makes it effective for supporting weight loss efforts in patients struggling with obesity.
Who is eligible to take Semaglutide?
Semaglutide is typically prescribed to adults with a body mass index (BMI) of 30 kg/m² or higher, or those with a BMI of 27 kg/m² or higher with at least an additional weight-related health condition, such as hypertension or type 2 diabetes. It’s important for patients to discuss their medical history with a specialist to determine if Semaglutide is a suitable option for them.
How effective is Semaglutide in treating obesity?
Clinical trials have shown that Semaglutide is effective in inducing weight loss. Patients in these trials experienced weight loss ranging from 10% to 15% of their initial body weight over a treatment period of approximately 68 weeks. This weight loss was significantly greater compared to those who received a placebo, highlighting Semaglutide's potential as a valuable tool in obesity management.
What health problems are associated with obesity?
Obesity is associated with a number of serious health risks. These include:
Type 2 diabetes: Obesity increases insulin resistance, leading to elevated blood sugar levels and the onset of diabetes. Cardiovascular diseases: Conditions such as hypertension (high blood pressure), coronary artery disease, and stroke are more prevalent in patients with obesity due to factors like increased cholesterol levels and inflammation. Joint problems: Excess weight puts strain on joints, leading to conditions like osteoarthritis. Respiratory problems: Obesity is linked to sleep apnoea, asthma, and decreased lung function. Cancer: Obesity raises the likelihood of developing various cancers, including those affecting the breast, colon, and pancreas.
Does obesity affect fertility and pregnancy?
Obesity can significantly impact fertility and pregnancy outcomes. In women, obesity can disrupt hormone levels and menstrual cycles, leading to ovulation disorders and infertility. Pregnant women who are obese are at higher risk for gestational diabetes, hypertension, pre-eclampsia, miscarriage, and birth defects. Meanwhile, men who are obese may experience reduced fertility due to hormonal imbalances and decreased sperm quality.
How can I reduce the health risks associated with obesity?
Managing obesity necessitates a comprehensive approach that involves:
Healthy eating: Adopting a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains can promote weight loss and improve overall health. Regular physical activity: Practising regular exercise, such as brisk walking, swimming, or cycling, aids in calorie burning and muscle mass maintenance. Medical treatment: Discussing pharmacological options like Semaglutide with a specialist can be beneficial for patients who haven’t achieved adequate weight loss through diet and exercise alone. Surgical interventions: Bariatric surgery may be recommended for patients with severe obesity who haven’t responded to other treatments. These procedures can result in substantial weight loss and enhancements in obesity-related health conditions.
By addressing obesity early and comprehensively, patients can reduce their risk of developing serious health complications and improve their quality of life.
To schedule an appointment with Professor Carel Le Roux, head on over to his Top Doctors profile today.