Preventing shoulder injuries in adolescent rugby players
Written in association with:
Published: 14/10/2024
Edited by: Carlota Pano
As young athletes grow and develop, their bodies undergo changes that can make them more susceptible to shoulder injuries, especially during high-impact sports like rugby. Understanding these injuries, their treatment options, and prevention strategies is thus crucial for ensuring the health and long-term performance of young athletes. This article provides an expert insight.
What are the most common shoulder injuries in adolescent rugby players?
Among the various shoulder injuries encountered in adolescent rugby players, three stand out:
Shoulder dislocations
Shoulder dislocations occur when the upper arm bone pops out of the shoulder socket, prevalent in rugby due to the high-impact nature of tackles and falls. A dislocated shoulder can manifest as a noticeable deformity, accompanied by intense pain, swelling, and the inability to move the arm.
Rotator cuff injuries
The rotator cuff comprises a group of muscles and tendons that stabilise the shoulder joint. Overuse, combined with the high demands of throwing and tackling in rugby, can lead to rotator cuff injuries. Symptoms include persistent shoulder pain, weakness, and difficulty lifting the arm above the head.
Acromioclavicular (AC) joint injuries
The acromioclavicular joint, located at the top of the shoulder, is susceptible to injury during falls or direct impacts. AC joint injuries can range from mild sprains to complete separations. Symptoms typically include pain at the top of the shoulder, swelling, and a visible bump at the injury site.
How are shoulder injuries in adolescent rugby players treated?
Initial treatment for shoulder injuries often includes the R.I.C.E (rest, ice, compression, elevation) method, which can help reduce pain and swelling. Additionally, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may also be prescribed to alleviate pain and inflammation.
Physiotherapy is also a critical component of recovery, and a physiotherapist can design a rehabilitation programme tailored to the player's specific injury that focuses on restoring range of motion, strengthening the shoulder muscles, and gradually returning to sports activities.
If conservative treatment is ineffective, surgical options may be explored. These include:
Shoulder arthroscopy
Shoulder arthroscopy is a minimally invasive procedure is commonly used for various shoulder injuries, including rotator cuff tears and shoulder instability. It involves inserting a small camera and instruments through tiny incisions to repair damaged structures
AC joint reconstruction
In instances of severe AC joint injuries, surgical reconstruction may be required. This procedure involves repairing or reconstructing the damaged ligaments to stabilise the shoulder joint.
Shoulder stabilisation surgery
For athletes with recurrent shoulder dislocations, surgical stabilisation surgery may be recommended. This procedure involves tightening the ligaments and repairing any damaged tissues to prevent future dislocations.
Above all, it’s essential to consult with an orthopaedic surgeon to discuss the most appropriate surgical options based on the specific injury and the athlete’s goals.
How can shoulder injuries in adolescent rugby players be prevented?
Several strategies can be implemented to minimise the likelihood of injury while ensuring safe participation in the sport, including:
Strength training
A well-structured strength training programme focusing on the muscles surrounding the shoulder can significantly enhance stability and reduce injury risk. Exercises that strengthen the rotator cuff, deltoids, and scapular stabilisers are particularly beneficial. Additionally, incorporating resistance training into the athlete's routine can help build the necessary strength for high-impact activities associated with rugby.
Proper technique
Proper technique is crucial and coaches should emphasise safe tackling and falling techniques, as these can significantly reduce the risk of injury. Teaching players how to safely absorb impacts and avoid awkward falls can protect their shoulders from excessive strain.
Rest and recovery
Proper rest and recovery are vital for avoiding overuse injuries. Young athletes shouldn’t train or compete too frequently without allowing time for their bodies to recover. Implementing rest days and ensuring players aren’t pushed beyond their physical limits can help prevent shoulder injuries associated with fatigue.