What is a colposcopy? An expert explains
Written in association with:
Obstetrician - gynaecologist
Published: 19/09/2022
Edited by: Lauren Dempsey
Colposcopy is a magnified look at the cervix, the neck of the womb, to detect any abnormalities if there is a clinical suspicion or if a cervical screening test shows abnormal results. Highly esteemed consultant gynaecologist Miss Sreeparna Biswas, who treats patients in Kettering, discusses what to expect from a colposcopy appointment. She explains why colposcopies are performed, what to do and avoid doing prior to an appointment, and what happens following the examination.
What is the aim of a colposcopy?
A colposcopy is a test to take a closer look at your cervix. The cervix is the opening to your womb that connects to the vagina. A colposcopy is often done if a cervical screening finds changes to your cells, caused by certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV). These cells can later become cervical cancer cells.
How is a colposcopy performed?
It is usually performed in a specialised colposcopy clinic. There is a chair with stirrups to rest the legs. A speculum, a tube-like, smooth surfaced tool, is then inserted into the vagina to look at the cervix and a special dye is applied to the cervix. A microscope, which remains outside the body, examines the cervix in detail.
If abnormalities are detected, a small sample of cells may be taken from your cervix for testing. This is called a biopsy. Local anaesthesia is often used for this but usually only causes discomfort rather than pain.
Is a colposcopy painful?
No, the procedure is not painful. If a biopsy or further treatment is needed, local anaesthetic is used. Most patients say the biopsy is similar to a mild period ache.
Do women need to do anything to prepare before a colposcopy?
It’s best to avoid a colposcopy whilst on your period. So, if you are menstruating, the appointment needs to be rescheduled.
24 hours before your colposcopy don’t:
have penetrative vaginal sex put any products, like tampons, vaginal creams, or medicines, inside the vaginaAfter your colposcopy, you may experience some bleeding so bring a sanitary pad or panty liner to the appointment. Inform the person performing the colposcopy if you have an IUD coil or Mirena coil.
What are the next steps after undergoing a colposcopy?
Once the colposcopy is over, you can drive yourself home and rest. You might experience mild pain for a few days, similar to period pain. Taking a painkiller such as paracetamol can help.
If you had a colposcopy only, then it is unlikely that you will experience bleeding and discharge from your vagina. These side effects will pass after a few days if they do occur.
After a biopsy or LLETZ (large loop excision of the transformation zone), the risk of bleeding is higher and it can last longer. Some people, bleed for up to 4 weeks afterwards.
If you have any bleeding, discharge and pain:
avoid penetrative sex avoid inserting anything in your vagina use sanitary pads, instead of tampons or menstrual cups avoid anything that could aggravate bleeding or pain, for example, strenuous exercise.
If you have received abnormal biopsy results and would like to have further examinations, book a colposcopy with Miss Sreeparna Biswas today via her Top Doctor’s profile.