Mononucleosis

What is being analysed?

The lab analysis for mononucleosis primarily involves testing for the presence of antibodies against the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in the blood. Specifically, the test looks for antibodies called heterophile antibodies, which are produced by the immune system in response to EBV infection.

What does the result mean?

A positive result indicates the presence of heterophile antibodies, suggesting an active or recent EBV infection, which is characteristic of mononucleosis. A negative result may indicate either no current infection or an infection still in its early stages before antibodies are detectable.

Why do the analysis?

The analysis is performed to confirm the diagnosis of mononucleosis in individuals presenting with symptoms such as fever, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes, and fatigue. It helps doctors to differentiate mononucleosis from other conditions with similar symptoms and to provide appropriate treatment and management.

When to do the analysis?

The analysis is typically ordered when a healthcare professional suspects mononucleosis based on the patient's symptoms and medical history. This may include symptoms such as prolonged fatigue, fever, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes, and enlarged spleen.

What sample is required?

A blood sample is required for the analysis. A doctor will collect a small amount of blood from a vein in the arm using a needle and syringe.

Is any type of prior preparation necessary?

No specific prior preparation is usually necessary for this test. However, individuals should inform their doctor about any medications they are taking and any recent illnesses or infections.

How is it used?

The analysis is used as a diagnostic tool to confirm or rule out mononucleosis. It helps healthcare providers make informed decisions regarding treatment and management of the condition.

What are the normal values?

Normal values for the mononucleosis test are typically reported as negative, meaning no detectable heterophile antibodies are present in the blood.

Antibody

Normal Values

Interpretation

IgM       

Absent or low   

Acute EBV infection

IgG        

Absent or low   

Past EBV infection or exposure

IgM & IgG*

Elevated

Active or recent EBV infection

 *Presence of both IgM and IgG antibodies indicates an active or recent EBV infection.

What does it mean to have altered values?

Altered values indicate a positive result, meaning heterophile antibodies are present in the blood, suggesting an active or recent EBV infection and confirming the diagnosis of mononucleosis. It is important to interpret the results in conjunction with the patient's symptoms and medical history for accurate diagnosis and management.