Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)

What is being analysed?

Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) is a protein originating from the cells within the prostate gland. The PSA test evaluates the concentration of this protein circulating in the bloodstream.

What does the result mean?

The result of the PSA test provides information about the health of the prostate gland. Elevated levels of PSA may indicate prostate inflammation, infection, enlargement (benign prostatic hyperplasia), or even prostate cancer. However, it's important to note that elevated PSA levels do not necessarily mean cancer, as other factors can also cause an increase.

 

Why undergo the analysis?

The PSA test is commonly used as a screening tool for prostate cancer, especially in men over the age of 50. It helps in the early detection of prostate cancer, which can lead to better treatment outcomes.

 

When to undergo the analysis?

The PSA test is recommended as part of routine screening for prostate cancer in men starting at age 50. However, men with certain risk factors, such as a family history of prostate cancer or African American descent, may need to start screening earlier, around age 45. 5.

 

What sample is required?

The PSA test requires a simple blood sample, usually drawn from a vein in the arm.

 

Is any prior preparation necessary?

No special preparation is usually required for the PSA test. However, it's advisable to avoid vigorous physical activity, ejaculation, and certain medications (such as finasteride or dutasteride) that may affect PSA levels for a few days before the test.

 

How is it used?

After the blood sample is gathered, it is dispatched to a laboratory for examination. The level of PSA in the blood is measured, and the results are typically reported in nanograms per millilitre (ng/mL).

 

What are the normal values? 

Age Group

Normal PSA Range (ng/mL)

40-49

0-2.5

50-59

0-3.5

60-69

0-4.5

70 and older

0-6.5

 

What do abnormal values indicate?

Abnormal PSA levels, particularly elevated levels, may indicate various prostate conditions, including inflammation, infection, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), or prostate cancer. However, it's crucial to note that PSA levels can fluctuate due to factors other than cancer, so further evaluation, such as a prostate biopsy, may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis.