Neurodivergence is a term that refers to the range of differences in individual brain function and behavioural traits that diverge from what is considered typical or neurotypical. It encompasses a variety of conditions that affect cognition, attention, mood, learning and social interaction. These differences are seen as natural variations in the human brain rather than disorders that need to be cured. The concept of neurodivergence challenges the idea of a ‘normal’ brain and promotes acceptance and understanding of these variations.

Neurodivergence includes conditions such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), dyslexia, dyspraxia and others. It recognises that people with these conditions may have unique strengths and perspectives that can be valuable to society.

How can I tell if I'm neurodivergent?

Determining whether you are neurodivergent typically involves a combination of self-reflection, observation, and professional assessment. Some common signs that may indicate neurodivergence include:

Difficulty with social interactions

Challenges in understanding social cues, maintaining eye contact, or forming relationships.

Sensory sensitivities

Over- or under-reactivity to sensory stimuli such as light, sound, touch or taste.

Attention and focus issues

Trouble staying focused on tasks, easily distracted or hyper focused on specific interests.

Learning differences

Struggles with reading, writing or maths despite having average or above-average intelligence.

Routine and change

A strong preference for routine and predictability, and difficulty coping with changes or transitions.

A formal diagnosis often involves comprehensive evaluations by healthcare professionals such as psychiatrists, psychologists, or neuropsychologists. These evaluations can include interviews, questionnaires and standardised tests to assess cognitive and behavioural traits.

What is high functioning neurodivergence?

High functioning neurodivergence refers to individuals who have neurodivergent conditions but can perform daily activities with a relatively high degree of independence and success. This term is often used in the context of autism (e.g., high-functioning autism) or ADHD. However, it is important to note that the term 'high functioning' can be misleading, as it may oversimplify the challenges faced by these individuals and overlook the support they may need.

High functioning individuals might excel in certain areas such as academics, work or specific hobbies, but still experience significant difficulties in other areas like social interactions, executive functioning or sensory processing. It is essential to understand that neurodivergence affects each person differently, and the level of functioning can vary widely among individuals.

Are depression, anxiety and OCD considered neurodivergent?

Depression, anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are not typically classified as neurodivergent conditions. These are mental health disorders that can affect anyone, regardless of their neurotype. However, it is not uncommon for neurodivergent individuals to also experience these conditions. For example, a person with autism or ADHD may also suffer from anxiety or depression due to the challenges they face in a world that is not always accommodating to their needs.

While depression, anxiety and OCD involve disruptions in mood and behaviour, neurodivergence refers to inherent differences in brain structure and function from what is considered typical. It is important to address both neurodivergent traits and any co-occurring mental health conditions to provide comprehensive care and support.

Are any other specific mental health conditions considered divergent?

Yes, there are other specific conditions that are considered part of the neurodivergent spectrum. These include:

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

A developmental condition that affects communication, behaviour and social interaction.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

A condition characterised by inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity.

Dyslexia

A learning difficulty that primarily affects reading and spelling abilities.

Dyspraxia

A condition that impacts motor coordination and spatial awareness.

Dyscalculia

A learning difficulty related to mathematical concepts and problem-solving.

Each of these conditions has its own set of characteristics and challenges, but they all fall under the broader umbrella of neurodivergence. Recognising these conditions as part of neurodiversity helps promote a more inclusive and supportive approach to education, employment and social integration.

Which medical specialist works with neurodivergent people?

Neurodivergent individuals may work with a variety of medical specialists depending on their specific needs and conditions. Key specialists include:

Psychiatrists

Medical doctors who specialise in diagnosing and treating mental health conditions. They can provide medication management, therapy and comprehensive treatment plans.

Clinical psychologists

Professionals who diagnose and treat mental health conditions through psychological therapies and assessments.

Neuropsychologists

Specialists in understanding how brain function affects behaviour and cognition. They conduct detailed assessments and provide recommendations for managing neurodivergent conditions.

Paediatricians

Paediatric specialists often play an important role in early diagnosis and intervention for neurodivergent conditions in children.

Occupational therapists

Professionals who help individuals develop the skills needed for daily living and working, focusing on improving sensory processing, motor skills and adaptive strategies.

Speech and language therapists

Specialists who assist with communication difficulties, including those related to autism and other neurodivergent conditions.

Collaboration among these specialists, along with educators and support workers, ensures that neurodivergent individuals receive comprehensive and tailored care to meet their unique needs.

Understanding neurodivergence is crucial for fostering an inclusive society that values and supports the diverse ways in which people think, learn, and interact with the world. By recognising and accommodating these differences, we can help neurodivergent individuals thrive and contribute meaningfully to their communities.