Addressing the complexities of Testicular Cancer

Testicular cancer is a complex disease with various facets that demand attention for effective management. In his latest online article, Mr Ashwin Sridhar explores the early signs, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment options, and long-term effects of this condition.

What are the early signs and symptoms of testicular cancer, and when should I seek medical attention?

Identifying the signs of testicular cancer at an early stage is pivotal for prompt intervention. Individuals should be vigilant for any changes in their testicles, such as the presence of a painless lump or swelling, persistent discomfort or pain in the testicle or scrotum, alterations in testicle firmness or size, dull ache in the lower abdomen or groin area, or hormonal changes manifesting as breast enlargement or tenderness.

If any of these symptoms persist or appear unusual, seeking medical attention promptly is advised.

What are the risk factors for developing testicular cancer, and can it be prevented?

Certain factors increase the risk of testicular cancer:

• Undescended testicle (Cryptorchidism).
• Hypospadias
• HIV infection
• Family history
• Age and ethnicity

While prevention methods are limited, awareness and regular self-examinations can aid in early detection.

How is testicular cancer diagnosed, and what tests are involved in the diagnostic process?

Diagnosing testicular cancer involves a series of evaluations conducted by healthcare professionals. It typically begins with a physical examination to detect any abnormalities in the testicles. Subsequent imaging tests, such as ultrasound, help differentiate between tumours and benign conditions. Blood tests are employed to detect specific tumour markers like AFP and HCG, which can indicate the presence of testicular cancer. Ultimately, confirmation is often achieved through surgical removal of the affected testicle for further examination.

What are the treatment options available for testicular cancer, and what factors determine the best course of treatment?

Treatment depends on cancer type and stage:

• Surgery: Removal of the affected testicle
• Chemotherapy: Destroying cancer cells with drugs
• Radiation therapy: Using high-energy rays for treatment
• Surveillance: Monitoring low-risk cases closely

Treatment choice depends on individual factors and medical history.

What are the potential long-term effects and complications of testicular cancer treatment, and how can they be managed?

Testicular cancer treatment may give rise to various long-term effects and complications that require attention. These may include fertility issues resulting from testicle removal, psychological distress stemming from the cancer experience, and hormonal imbalances necessitating management.

Effective management of these effects entails regular follow-up appointments, psychological support, and appropriate medical interventions tailored to the individual's needs.

Mr Ashwin Sridhar is an esteemed consultant urologist and robotic prostate and bladder cancer surgeon. You can schedule an appointment with Mr Sridhar on his Top Doctors profile.