All about autism and Asperger's syndrome in girls

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and Asperger's syndrome are neurodevelopmental conditions that affect how individuals interact and communicate with others.

While these conditions are often associated with boys, it's essential to recognise they can also affect girls. Leading neurodevelopmental paediatric consultant Dr Nikki Baatjes provides insights into autism and Asperger's syndrome in girls to help parents and caregivers better understand and support their children.

What is autism/Asperger's syndrome?

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder characterised by challenges in social interaction, communication and repetitive behaviours.

Asperger's syndrome is a subtype of ASD that typically involves milder symptoms and no significant delay in language or cognitive development.

How common is Autism/Asperger's syndrome in girls?

Historically, autism and Asperger's syndrome have been diagnosed more frequently in boys than girls.

However, recent research suggests that the prevalence of ASD in girls may be underestimated due to differences in presentation and diagnostic criteria.

What are the signs and symptoms of Autism/Asperger's syndrome in girls?

Social communication

Girls with autism or Asperger's syndrome may have difficulty understanding social cues, making friends, and engaging in reciprocal conversations.

They may also struggle with nonverbal communication, such as maintaining eye contact or interpreting facial expressions.

Restricted interests and repetitive behaviours

Girls with autism or Asperger's syndrome may develop intense interests in specific topics or activities and become preoccupied with them.

They may also engage in repetitive behaviours, such as hand-flapping or rocking, as a way to self-regulate or cope with sensory input.

Sensory sensitivities

Many girls with autism or Asperger's syndrome have sensory sensitivities, which can manifest as hypersensitivity or hyposensitivity to:

• sights;
• sounds;
• smells;
• tastes, or;
• textures.

These sensitivities may lead to discomfort or distress in certain environments or situations.

How is autism/Asperger's syndrome diagnosed in girls?

Diagnosing autism or Asperger's syndrome in girls can be challenging due to differences in presentation and masking behaviours.

A comprehensive evaluation by a multidisciplinary team which includes paediatricians, psychologists and speech therapists, is often necessary to assess the child's development and behaviour.

Gender bias

Historically, diagnostic criteria for autism have been based on male presentation, leading to underdiagnosis or misdiagnosis of girls with autism or Asperger's syndrome.

Recognising the unique features of autism in girls and advocating for gender-sensitive assessment tools are crucial steps in improving diagnostic accuracy.

How can parents and caregivers support girls with autism/Asperger's syndrome?

Early intervention

Early identification and intervention can make a significant difference in the lives of girls with autism or Asperger's syndrome.

Accessing speech therapy, occupational therapy and behavioural interventions can help address communication difficulties, sensory sensitivities and social skills deficits.

Advocacy and education

Parents and caregivers play a vital role in advocating for their child's needs and educating others about autism and Asperger's syndrome.

By promoting awareness and understanding, they can help create a supportive environment for their child at home, school and in the community.

Do you have concerns regarding autism or Asperger’s syndrome in girls?  Arrange a consultation with Dr Baatjes via her Top Doctors profile.