All about HBV in women

In this article below, highly distinguished consultant obstetrician and gynaecologist, Miss Randa Omer, discusses hepatitis B virus in women in expert detail. 

What is HBV?

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a contagious liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus. It ranges in severity from a mild illness lasting a few weeks to a serious, lifelong condition. For women, HBV poses unique health challenges, particularly concerning pregnancy and transmission to newborns.

How is HBV transmitted?

HBV is primarily spread through contact with infectious body fluids, such as blood, semen, and vaginal secretions. This can occur through sexual contact, sharing needles, or from mother to child during childbirth. Women who are pregnant or planning to become pregnant should be particularly vigilant about HBV screening and prevention.

What are the symptoms of HBV in women?

Many people, including women, may not exhibit symptoms in the early stages of HBV infection. When symptoms do occur, they can include fatigue, jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), dark urine, joint pain, and abdominal pain. Chronic HBV infection can lead to more serious conditions such as cirrhosis or liver cancer.

How does HBV affect pregnancy and childbirth?

HBV can be transmitted from an infected mother to her baby during childbirth. Without intervention, there is a significant risk of the newborn developing chronic HBV, which can lead to severe liver disease later in life. It is recommended that all pregnant women undergo HBV screening. If a woman tests positive, the newborn should receive hepatitis B immune globulin and the first dose of the hepatitis B vaccine within 12 hours of birth to reduce the risk of transmission.

Can HBV be treated?

While there is no cure for HBV, antiviral medications can help manage the infection and reduce the risk of liver disease. For women with chronic HBV, regular monitoring and medical care are crucial to managing the condition. Additionally, lifestyle changes such as avoiding alcohol and maintaining a healthy diet can support liver health.

Is there a vaccine for HBV?

Yes, a highly effective vaccine for HBV is available and is the best protection against the virus. The HBV vaccine is recommended for all infants, unvaccinated children and adolescents, and adults at risk for HBV infection, including healthcare workers and people with chronic liver disease.

What preventive measures can women take?

Women can prevent HBV infection by getting vaccinated, practicing safe sex, avoiding the sharing of needles, and ensuring any tattoos or piercings are done with sterile equipment. Pregnant women should get tested for HBV to take necessary precautions to protect their babies.

What should women do if they think they might have HBV?

Women who suspect they have been exposed to HBV or are experiencing symptoms should see a healthcare provider for testing and possible treatment. Early detection is key to managing the infection and preventing complications.