All about pneumothorax

Pneumothorax, commonly known as a collapsed lung, occurs when air leaks into the space between the lungs and the chest wall, causing the lung to deflate. This can happen spontaneously or as a result of injury or trauma to the chest.

Pneumothorax can range in severity from mild to life-threatening, depending on how much air is trapped and how much of the lung is affected. Here to explain more about the condition is esteemed consultant thoracic and cardiothoracic surgeon, Mr Kelvin Lau. 

What are the different types of pneumothorax?

There are two primary types of pneumothorax: spontaneous and traumatic. Spontaneous pneumothorax is more common in people with underlying lung conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or asthma, but it can also occur in otherwise healthy individuals, particularly tall, thin men between the ages of 20 and 40. Traumatic pneumothorax is caused by an injury, such as a blunt force blow to the chest, a puncture wound, or even medical procedures like lung biopsies or the insertion of a central line.

Symptoms

Symptoms of pneumothorax include sudden, sharp chest pain and shortness of breath. In more severe cases, it can cause a rapid heart rate, low oxygen levels, and a feeling of tightness or pressure in the chest. Diagnosis is typically confirmed through a chest X-ray or CT scan.

Treatment

Treatment depends on the size and severity of the pneumothorax. Small cases may resolve on their own without the need for medical intervention, with close monitoring and rest. Larger or more serious cases may require a procedure to remove the trapped air, such as the insertion of a needle or chest tube into the pleural space. In rare, recurring cases, surgery may be necessary to prevent future occurrences.

Pneumothorax can be a serious condition, but with timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment, most individuals recover fully without long-term complications.