All about TAVI

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI), also known as transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), is a minimally invasive procedure designed to replace a narrowed aortic valve that is not functioning properly due to a condition called aortic stenosis.

What is aortic stenosis, and what does TAVI do to help?

Aortic stenosis restricts blood flow from the heart to the rest of the body and, if left untreated, can lead to heart failure or other serious health issues. TAVI provides an alternative to open-heart surgery, particularly for patients who may be at high risk due to age or other medical conditions.

Who is eligible for TAVI?

TAVI is generally recommended for patients with severe aortic stenosis who are not suitable candidates for traditional open-heart surgery due to the risks involved. These risks can include advanced age, weakened heart function, or other pre-existing health conditions such as lung disease or diabetes. In some cases, even patients who are at intermediate risk may be considered for TAVI depending on their overall health and the complexity of their condition.

What does the procedure involve?

TAVI is performed by guiding a catheter through the femoral artery (in the groin) or through a small incision in the chest. The catheter carries a replacement valve that is compressed into a small size and then expanded at the site of the narrowed aortic valve. Once in place, the new valve begins to function immediately, allowing better blood flow through the heart. This procedure typically takes less time than open-heart surgery, and most patients experience a shorter recovery period.

What are the benefits of TAVI?

• Minimally invasive: TAVI does not require the large incision or prolonged recovery associated with open-heart surgery.
• Faster recovery: Patients usually experience a quicker return to daily activities and a shorter hospital stay, often around three to five days.
• Improved quality of life: TAVI can significantly relieve the symptoms of aortic stenosis, such as chest pain, shortness of breath and fatigue.
• Suitability for high-risk patients: TAVI is particularly beneficial for older patients or those with other health conditions that make traditional surgery too risky.

Are there any risks associated with TAVI?

As with any procedure, TAVI carries some risks. Potential complications may include bleeding, stroke, valve leakage, or issues related to the positioning of the new valve. However, the overall risk profile of TAVI is considered lower than that of open-heart surgery for many patients, especially those at high risk. Your healthcare provider will assess the specific risks based on your individual health condition.

How effective is TAVI?

TAVI has been shown to be highly effective in treating severe aortic stenosis. Many patients experience immediate symptom relief and improved heart function following the procedure. Long-term outcomes for TAVI patients have also been encouraging, with studies showing that the replacement valves can last many years without significant decline in function. Follow-up care and regular monitoring are essential to ensure the valve continues to function properly.

What happens after the procedure?

After the TAVI procedure, patients typically spend a few days in the hospital under observation. Most patients can return to normal activities within a few weeks, though individual recovery times may vary. Follow-up appointments are important to ensure that the new valve is functioning well and to address any potential complications.