Bariatric surgery: What you need to know

For individuals struggling with obesity, bariatric surgery offers more than just a means to shed excess weight—it provides an opportunity to reclaim health and vitality. Obesity is not merely a cosmetic concern; it is a serious medical condition associated with numerous health risks, including diabetes, heart disease, and joint issues. If traditional weight-loss methods have not been effective, bariatric surgery may be an option worth exploring. A revered consultant general and upper GI addresses some key questions about this life-changing procedure.

What is bariatric surgery?

Bariatric surgery, also known as weight-loss surgery, refers to a group of procedures designed to help individuals with obesity lose significant amounts of weight. This type of surgery is typically considered when other methods, such as diet, exercise, and medication, have not been effective. It is not merely about aesthetics; obesity is linked to serious health conditions like type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and sleep apnoea. By promoting weight loss, bariatric surgery can help mitigate these risks and improve overall health.

How does bariatric surgery work?

The main principle behind bariatric surgery is altering the digestive system to limit food intake or reduce the body's ability to absorb nutrients. There are several types of procedures, the most common being gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy.

Gastric bypass involves forming a small pouch from the upper part of the stomach and linking it directly to the small intestine. This significantly reduces the amount of food you can eat and limits calorie absorption.

Sleeve gastrectomy entails removing a large portion of the stomach, leaving a thin tube-like structure. This restricts food intake and affects hunger-related hormones, helping you feel full sooner.

While these techniques are effective, they require a commitment to lifelong changes in eating habits and lifestyle.

Who might be eligible for bariatric surgery?

Bariatric surgery is not a solution for everyone struggling with weight issues. It is generally reserved for individuals with a body mass index (BMI) of 40 or higher or those with a BMI of 35 or above who have obesity-related health problems such as diabetes or hypertension. Before surgery, patients undergo a comprehensive evaluation, which includes medical assessments, psychological screenings, and nutritional counselling. This ensures that the surgery is both safe and appropriate for their needs.

What are the potential benefits?

The benefits of bariatric surgery extend far beyond weight loss. Many patients experience improvements in conditions like high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and joint pain. For individuals with type 2 diabetes, surgery often leads to better blood sugar control, and in some cases, remission of the disease. Improved mobility and energy levels are additional advantages, contributing to a better quality of life.

What are the risks and challenges?

Like any surgical procedure, bariatric surgery carries risks. These include complications like infection, blood clots, or nutrient deficiencies due to reduced food absorption. Long-term challenges may include adjusting to smaller meal portions, managing emotional triggers for overeating, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle to sustain weight loss. Patients are advised to work closely with a medical team, including a surgeon, dietitian, and psychologist, to navigate these challenges successfully.

Is bariatric surgery the right choice for you?

Deciding on bariatric surgery is a personal and life-changing choice. It involves careful consideration of the potential benefits and risks, as well as a strong commitment to adopting new habits. Patients who are prepared to embrace these changes often find that the surgery serves as a valuable tool to reclaim their health and vitality.