Could knee replacement be the solution to your knee pain?

Knee replacement surgery, also known as knee arthroplasty, involves replacing a damaged knee joint with an artificial one to relieve pain and restore function. It’s a significant decision, and understanding what the surgery involves, the recovery process, and its potential benefits can help you make an informed choice. Here, a leading orthopaedic surgeon explores some common questions about knee replacement surgery that may be on your mind.

When is knee replacement considered?

Knee replacement surgery is generally recommended for individuals suffering from intense knee pain and stiffness, most commonly due to osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or traumatic injury. Osteoarthritis occurs when the cartilage, which cushions the bones, deteriorates, causing pain and limited movement. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune condition where the immune system attacks the joints, leading to inflammation and damage. Trauma from accidents or sports can also damage the knee joint, making daily activities difficult.

When other treatments such as medication, physiotherapy, and lifestyle changes are no longer effective, and your pain severely impacts your quality of life, knee replacement may be the next step.

What does the surgery involve?

During a knee replacement, the surgeon removes damaged cartilage and a small portion of the bone from the affected joint. These are replaced with artificial components made from metal, ceramic, or plastic that mimic the function of a natural knee.

Knee replacement can be either total or partial. A total knee replacement replaces both sides of the joint, while a partial knee replacement only targets one side, preserving more of the knee’s natural structure. Your surgeon will determine which option is best for you based on the extent of your knee damage.

How long is recovery after knee replacement?

Recovery times can vary depending on factors such as age, overall health, and whether you had a total or partial replacement. Typically, patients stay in the hospital for a few days and then work through a rehabilitation programme over the following weeks to months.

Physiotherapy is essential to a successful recovery. Strengthening the muscles around the knee and increasing flexibility can help you regain function. Initially, you’ll likely use crutches or a walker, gradually progressing to walking without assistance. Many people can resume low-impact activities like walking, swimming, and cycling within three months, but high-impact activities are generally discouraged.

Are there risks involved?

As with any surgery, knee replacement has risks, including infection, blood clots, and issues with the artificial joint itself. Nerve damage is also a rare possibility. Your healthcare team will take steps to minimise these risks, such as administering antibiotics to prevent infection and encouraging early movement to reduce the risk of blood clots. Additionally, while artificial joints can last 15 to 20 years, some may require a revision surgery over time.

What are the expected benefits?

A successful knee replacement can relieve chronic pain, improve your mobility, and enhance your overall quality of life. Many patients find they can resume activities they previously enjoyed, such as longer walks or light exercise. However, it’s essential to have realistic expectations. Knee replacement can significantly reduce pain and improve movement, but it’s not designed to restore a knee to the function of a young, healthy joint.

If you’re considering knee replacement surgery, speak with an orthopaedic surgeon. They will assess your specific condition and help you decide on the