Functional and sociological respiratory in children

Revered consultant respiratory paediatrician Dr Mark Rosenthal explores functional and sociological respiratory in children, the role of hormones and lifestyle changes to manage the problems.
 

What is functional respiratory?

Functional respiratory refers to breathing difficulties that do not stem from any identifiable organic or physical cause. Unlike conditions such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), functional respiratory issues are rooted in the body's response to stress, anxiety, or other psychological factors. In women, this can often be linked to hormonal fluctuations, emotional stress, and societal pressures.

How do psychological factors affect breathing?

Psychological factors can profoundly influence breathing patterns. When we experience anxiety or stress, our body's fight-or-flight response is triggered. This response can lead to hyperventilation, where breathing becomes rapid and shallow. Hyperventilation can cause symptoms such as dizziness, chest tightness, and a sense of breathlessness. For women, the additional stressors of balancing work, family, and social expectations can exacerbate these symptoms, leading to a cycle of anxiety and dysfunctional breathing.

What role do hormones play?

Hormonal fluctuations are another significant factor in functional respiratory issues in women. Hormones like progesterone and oestrogen influence respiratory function. For instance, during the menstrual cycle, many women experience changes in their breathing patterns. Some women may notice increased breathlessness or changes in the depth and rhythm of their breathing around menstruation or menopause. This is due to the varying levels of hormones that can affect the respiratory centres in the brain.

Are there societal influences?

Societal pressures and gender roles also contribute to functional respiratory issues. Women often face unique stressors related to societal expectations, such as caregiving responsibilities, workplace challenges, and body image concerns. These stressors can lead to chronic stress and anxiety, further impacting respiratory health. Additionally, societal stigmas around mental health may discourage women from seeking help, thereby exacerbating their symptoms.

How can functional respiratory issues be managed?

Management of functional respiratory issues involves a holistic approach. Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) is one effective method, helping individuals understand and modify their thought patterns and behaviours related to anxiety and stress. Breathing exercises, such as diaphragmatic breathing and mindfulness techniques, can also help regulate breathing patterns. In some cases, medications may be prescribed to manage underlying anxiety or depression.

When should you seek medical advice?

It is crucial to seek medical advice if you experience persistent or severe breathing difficulties. While functional respiratory issues are not life-threatening, they can significantly impact quality of life. A healthcare provider can help rule out other potential causes and develop a tailored treatment plan. It is also essential to address any underlying psychological or emotional factors contributing to the symptoms.

Can lifestyle changes make a difference?

Yes, lifestyle changes can significantly impact managing functional respiratory issues. Regular physical activity, a balanced diet, and sufficient sleep can improve overall health and reduce stress levels. Mindfulness practices, such as yoga and meditation, can also promote relaxation and better breathing patterns. Building a strong support system and engaging in activities that bring joy and relaxation are equally important in managing stress and improving respiratory health.

By understanding the interplay between psychological, hormonal, and societal factors, women can better navigate the challenges of functional respiratory issues and find effective ways to manage their symptoms.

If you would like to book a consultation with Dr Mark Rosenthal, do not hesitate to do so by visiting his Top Doctors profile today.