How can haemorrhoids be prevented?

Haemorrhoids, commonly known as piles, are swollen blood vessels in or around the rectum and anus. They can be uncomfortable and sometimes painful but are generally not serious. Haemorrhoids are incredibly common, affecting up to half of adults at some point in their lives, particularly those aged 45 and older. While they can develop internally or externally, the symptoms and treatments can vary depending on their location and severity.

Causes and symptoms

Haemorrhoids are often caused by increased pressure on the blood vessels around the anus, which can occur due to factors such as straining during bowel movements, prolonged sitting, chronic constipation, or pregnancy. Obesity and a low-fibre diet can also increase the likelihood of developing haemorrhoids.

Symptoms depend on whether the haemorrhoids are internal or external. Internal haemorrhoids, located inside the rectum, may bleed during bowel movements but are usually painless. On the other hand, external haemorrhoids, which develop under the skin around the anus, can cause pain, itching, and swelling. Thrombosed haemorrhoids, which form when a blood clot develops within the external haemorrhoid, are particularly painful and may require medical attention.

Diagnosis and treatment

Haemorrhoids are usually diagnosed through a physical examination and, if necessary, further evaluation with procedures such as an anoscopy or colonoscopy to rule out other conditions. Treatments for haemorrhoids range from at-home remedies to medical interventions. Mild cases often improve with lifestyle changes, like increasing fibre intake, staying hydrated, and using over-the-counter creams or ointments designed to reduce swelling and pain.

In more severe cases, medical procedures may be recommended. Rubber band ligation, for instance, involves placing a small rubber band around the base of the haemorrhoid to cut off its blood supply, causing it to shrink. Other treatments include sclerotherapy, infrared coagulation, and, in severe cases, haemorrhoidectomy surgery to remove the haemorrhoid entirely.

Prevention

Preventing haemorrhoids largely revolves around avoiding straining and promoting regular bowel movements. A fibre-rich diet, regular exercise, and drinking plenty of fluids can reduce the risk.

If symptoms do appear, early treatment can help prevent the condition from worsening, and consulting a healthcare professional is advised if discomfort persists. By managing risk factors and seeking timely treatment, individuals can significantly reduce the impact of haemorrhoids on their daily life.