How does a vasectomy work?

A vasectomy is a surgical procedure designed to provide permanent contraception for men. It is a popular choice for those who have decided not to have children or do not wish to have more. The procedure is simple, minimally invasive, and highly effective in preventing pregnancy.

Unlike other forms of contraception, vasectomy offers a long-term solution without the need for ongoing attention or use. Here to explain more is highly experienced consultant urologist, Mr Moeketsi Mokete. 

How does a vasectomy work?

During a vasectomy, the vas deferens; the tubes that carry sperm from the testicles to the urethra; are cut, tied, or sealed. This prevents sperm from mixing with semen, which is ejaculated during sexual activity. Without sperm in the semen, a man cannot father a child.

The procedure usually takes about 20 to 30 minutes and is typically performed under local anesthesia. Recovery is quick, with most men returning to normal activities within a few days. Although it’s a relatively simple surgery, it’s crucial to understand that a vasectomy should be considered permanent, as reversal is complicated and not always successful.

Effectiveness and considerations

A vasectomy is one of the most effective forms of birth control, with a success rate of over 99%. However, it’s important to note that it does not provide immediate protection against pregnancy. Sperm can remain in the vas deferens for several weeks or even months after the procedure. Therefore, another form of contraception should be used until a semen analysis confirms the absence of sperm.

Potential risks and benefits

The benefits of vasectomy include its permanence, cost-effectiveness, and the elimination of the need for other birth control methods. However, like any surgical procedure, it carries potential risks. These may include infection, bleeding, or chronic pain.

Some men also experience psychological effects related to the permanence of the decision. Despite these risks, vasectomy is a safe and reliable option for men seeking long-term contraception. It does not affect sexual function, hormone levels, or masculinity.

Before deciding on a vasectomy, it’s important to discuss the procedure thoroughly with a healthcare provider to ensure it aligns with your long-term reproductive goals.