Innovations in gum recession treatment

Gum recession, where the gum tissue surrounding the teeth gradually pulls away, exposing more of the tooth or its root, is a common dental condition that can lead to sensitivity, pain, and increased risk of tooth decay. While traditional treatments for gum recession have primarily involved surgical grafts, recent innovations are offering less invasive, effective options with faster recovery times and improved patient comfort.

What causes gum recession?

Gum recession can result from various factors, including:

• Aggressive tooth brushing: Using a hard-bristled toothbrush or applying excessive force while brushing can wear down gum tissue.
• Periodontal disease: Bacterial infection in the gums can lead to tissue destruction and receding gums.
• Genetics: Some people are genetically predisposed to thinner gum tissue, which can recede over time.
• Poor dental hygiene: Plaque build-up due to inadequate brushing and flossing can cause gum disease and recession.
• Hormonal changes: Fluctuations in hormone levels, particularly in women, can make gums more sensitive and vulnerable to recession.

Identifying the cause is essential, as some treatments may be more suitable depending on individual cases.

Modern approaches to gum recession treatment

1. Pinhole surgical technique (PST)

• How it works: PST is a minimally invasive procedure where the dentist makes a small hole in the gum tissue near the receded area. Using specialised instruments, the gum is gently loosened and repositioned over the exposed root.
• Benefits: Unlike traditional gum grafts, PST does not require sutures or donor tissue from other areas of the mouth. The procedure involves minimal discomfort, shorter recovery time, and immediate aesthetic improvements.

2. Tissue-stimulating proteins

• How it works: A gel containing enamel matrix proteins, similar to those naturally found during tooth development, is applied to the affected area. This protein stimulates the body’s regenerative process, encouraging new gum tissue growth and attachment.
• Benefits: This approach aids natural tissue regeneration, potentially making it a viable option for patients with mild to moderate gum recession without the need for surgery.

3. Connective tissue grafts with less invasive techniques

• How it works: For patients needing a graft, modified techniques allow for smaller incisions and grafts sourced from collagen membranes rather than the patient’s palate. The surgeon places the graft beneath the gum tissue, promoting new tissue growth without requiring extensive surgical incisions.
• Benefits: This results in less pain, a shorter recovery period and fewer complications associated with traditional grafting.

4. Laser-assisted gum regeneration (LAR)

• How it works: A laser targets diseased tissue and bacteria beneath the gums. The laser’s energy stimulates the surrounding tissue, encouraging new growth and potentially helping gums reattach to the teeth.
• Benefits: Laser treatments are typically quick, with less pain, minimal bleeding and faster healing. They can be particularly beneficial for patients with mild recession due to periodontal disease.

5. Regenerative materials and stem cell therapy

• How it works: Stem cells or growth factor-enriched materials are applied to areas of gum recession, stimulating new tissue growth. These regenerative materials can also be combined with other therapies to improve results.
• Benefits: This approach, although still developing, holds promise for repairing gum tissue and potentially reversing early recession.

What are benefits of gum recession treatments?

Innovative treatments for gum recession offer several advantages:

• Minimally invasive options: Newer techniques often involve less invasive methods, resulting in faster recovery times and less postoperative discomfort.
• Improved aesthetics: These treatments can provide immediate cosmetic benefits, particularly in visible areas of the mouth.
• Potential for tissue regeneration: By using materials and techniques that stimulate natural tissue growth, modern methods may allow for better long-term outcomes.

How effective are these treatments?

The effectiveness of gum recession treatments depends on the severity of the recession and the specific approach used. Minimally invasive techniques like PST and laser therapy show promise, particularly in cases of mild to moderate recession. Advanced cases may still require traditional grafts, though innovations have made these less invasive and more comfortable.

Is gum recession preventable?

While not all cases of gum recession can be prevented, maintaining a good oral hygiene routine, avoiding overly aggressive brushing, and scheduling regular dental visits can help lower the risk. If you notice signs of recession, consulting with a periodontist for early intervention can help preserve gum health and prevent further issues.